Consolidation of Strictly Episodic Memories Mainly Requires Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Rauchs, Géraldine; Bertran, Françoise; Guillery‐Girard, Bérengère; Desgranges, Béatrice; Kerrouche, Nacer; Denise, Pierre; Foret, Jean; Eustache, Francis

doi:10.1093/sleep/27.3.395

Cited by 109 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…While this negative finding agrees with a recent study testing effects of early and late sleep on performance in a "remember/know" paradigm (Rauchs et al 2004), it appears to contrast with a number of foregoing studies indicating that various forms of nondeclarative memory, such as the procedural memory for skills (Plihal and Born 1997) and the priming of words and faces (Plihal and Born 1999;Wagner et al 2003) benefit in particular from REM sleeprich periods of sleep. Those studies led us to suppose a generalized benefit for REM sleep-rich periods of sleep for nondeclarative memories not depending on hippocampal function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Adopting a perspective beyond the framework of the processdissociation procedure, the present data would indicate that recognition of old words remains uninfluenced by sleep, but that after early sleep, the subject's ability to identify the correct list for congruent words is enhanced. This view appears to be in line with findings from a recent study that early SWS-rich sleep enhances memory for temporal context information in an episodic memory task (Rauchs et al 2004).…”

Section: Learning and Memory 47supporting

confidence: 90%

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Sleep enhances explicit recollection in recognition memory

Drosopoulos¹,

Wagner²,

Born³

2005

Learn. Mem.

109

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Recognition memory is considered to be supported by two different memory processes, i.e., the explicit recollection of information about a previous event and an implicit process of recognition based on an acontextual sense of familiarity. Both types of memory supposedly rely on distinct memory systems. Sleep is known to enhance the consolidation of memories, with the different sleep stages affecting different types of memory. In the present study, we used the process-dissociation procedure to compare the effects of sleep on estimates of explicit (recollection) and implicit (familiarity) memory formation on a word-list discrimination task. Subjects studied two lists of words before a 3-h retention interval of sleep or wakefulness, and recognition was tested afterward. The retention intervals were positioned either in the early night when sleep is dominated by slow-wave sleep (SWS), or in the late night, when sleep is dominated by REM sleep. Sleep enhanced explicit recognition memory, as compared with wakefulness (P < 0.05), whereas familiarity was not affected by sleep. Moreover, explicit recognition was particularly enhanced after sleep in the early-night retention interval, and especially when the words were presented with the same contextual features as during learning, i.e., in the same font (P < 0.05). The data indicate that in a task that allows separating the contribution of explicit and implicit memory, sleep particularly supports explicit memory formation. The mechanism of this effect appears to be linked to SWS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Learning and Memory 47supporting

confidence: 90%

Sleep enhances explicit recollection in recognition memory

Drosopoulos¹,

Wagner²,

Born³

2005

Learn. Mem.

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sleep architecture changes have been observed in the night after training in a variety of tasks (for review, see Smith, 1995;Rauchs et al, 2005), but, to our knowledge, the learned association between a placebo treatment and analgesia has never been studied in relation to sleep. Nevertheless, the consolidation of episodic memories and the reprocessing of complex cognitive tasks have been linked previously with REM sleep alterations (Smith, 2001;Rauchs et al, 2004). In the current study, when positive expectations were accompanied by a consistent sensory experience before sleep (group 1), placebo responders specifically displayed a reduction in the amount of time they spent in REM sleep.…”

Section: Expectations and Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the learning of simple procedural skills has been linked to stage 2 sleep (Peters et al, 2007), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep appears to be specifically implicated in the processing of complex cognitive tasks (Smith, 2001) and emotional memories (Stickgold et al, 2001;Wagner et al, 2001). In addition, the consolidation of episodic memories seems to be mainly dependent on REM sleep (Rauchs et al, 2004), and memories encoded while awake have been shown to be reactivated during subsequent sleep periods in both animals (Pavlides and Winson, 1989;Wilson and McNaughton, 1994) and humans (Maquet et al, 2000;Peigneux et al, 2004). This sleep-dependent processing is proposed to allow for a reinterpretation of the meaning of novel information and to facilitate its integration into a network of related memories (Paller and Voss, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Associated with Placebo-Induced Expectations and Analgesia

Laverdure-Dupont¹,

Rainville²,

Montplaisir³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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The experience of a sensory event is extensively shaped by past experience and expectations. Placebo analgesia, one of the most studied models of expectation-mediated effects, can be induced by suggestion of analgesia and conditioning. The present study examined the possibility that sleep might contribute to the consolidation of new expectations and consequently influence the generation of expectationmediated placebo effects. Strong expectations of analgesia were generated before sleep by conditioning manipulations wherein the intensity of thermal pain stimulation was surreptitiously reduced after the application of a topical placebo cream. Expectations and placebo analgesic effects were measured the following morning and compared with those of a control daytime group without sleep. Although placebo effects were observed in both groups, correlation analysis suggests that the mediating effect of expectations on placebo responses was strongest in the overnight group. Moreover, after exposure to a convincing analgesia experience, the relative duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreased in subjects showing higher analgesic expectations and placebo responses the next morning. In a third group exposed to less consistent analgesic experiences before sleep, expectations reported in the morning were comparable with other groups. However, expectations were positively correlated with REM sleep and did not emerge as a significant mediator of the analgesic effect. Together, these findings show that sleep-related processes may influence the association between expectations and placebo analgesia and that REM sleep can predict placebo-induced expectations of pain relief. However, equivocal previous experience with treatments may significantly alter the relationship between relief expectation, REM sleep, and placebo effects.

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“…In humans, insomnia or chronic loss of sleep is associated with excessive diurnal sleepiness and a decrease in psychomotor performance; being also affected the mood and functions of immune system (Malik & Kaplan, 2005). In this same way, in both animals and humans, it has been demonstrated that sleep, subsequent to a training period, improves execution of test (Stickgold et al, 2000) as well as memory consolidation (Fischer et al, 2002;Rauchs et al, 2004) whereas TSD or selective REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) impairs it considerably (Drummond & Brown, 2001;Nilsson et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2002). Although the exact way by which loss of sleep produces these negative cerebral effects is still unknown; it has been suggested that neuronal activity generated during prolonged periods of wakefulness can damage nervous cells and even induce cellular death (Inoué et al, 1995;Mamelak, 1997;Reimund, 1994).…”

Section: Biological Function Of Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%