Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations

Abstract

Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, as well as the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as health care, public health, education, social care, etc.). This summary article presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist and recommendations for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer reviewed journals as well as the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. However, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, as there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making.

Cost of illness in a super-aged society—comparison of breast, lung, and prostate cancer in Japan

“…This study was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 [ 46 ].…”

The RETRIEVE Checklist for Studies Reporting the Elicitation of Stated Preferences for Child Health-Related Quality of Life

“…A first version of the short version contained 18 items, with a further 15 items as alternatives containing different wording. This was revised to 14 final items, with the format modelled on the CHEERS checklist [ 17 ], where, instead of questions, users are asked to indicate where the relevant information is located in the manuscript by page number.…”

“…The long version of RETRIEVE (Table 1 ) is populated with a total of 83 items (noting that because of the modular structure, not all items are relevant to all valuation studies) in question form with specified or open-ended response format. The short version of RETRIEVE (Table 2 ) has 14 items where the user notes where in the paper the information is contained, similar to the CHEERS checklist [ 17 ]. Electronic supplementary material (ESM) Table S1 contains a formatted version of the long RETRIEVE; ESM Table S2 contains examples of the use of the long and short RETRIEVE checklists; and ESM Table S3 contains a table of descriptive comments for each included item in the long RETRIEVE version.…”

“…A more concise version of the checklist was considered to be more appropriate for decision makers or other users of values wishing to assess, compare and choose between values for child HRQoL. This checklist is presented as statements to check off, similar to that used in the CHEERS checklist [ 17 ].…”