Consistently dated records from the Greenland GRIP, GISP2 and NGRIP ice cores for the past 104 ka reveal regional millennial-scale δ18O gradients with possible Heinrich event imprint

Seierstad, Inger K; Abbott, Peter M; Bigler, Matthias; Blunier, Thomas; Bourne, A. J.; Brook, Edward J.; Buchardt, S. L.; Buizert, Christo; Clausen, Henrik; Cook, Eliza; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Davies, Siwan M.; Guillevic, Myriam; Johnsen, S. J.; Pedersen, Desirée S.; Popp, Trevor; Rasmussen, S. O.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Svensson, Anders; Vinther, Bo M.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.032

Cited by 326 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…4 we show the TAC from Raynaud et al (1997), along with our two TAC records (meltrefreeze and vacuum-melt) in the time interval 0.2 to 45 ka BP on gas age. The GRIP and NGRIP data are given on a synchronized ice age scale for the Greenland records (Seierstad et al, 2014). The data show good agreement; the GRIP TAC air content is on average slightly lower.…”

Section: The Ngrip Tac Recordmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…GRIP TAC data (Raynaud et al, 1997) in brown, vacuummelt TAC data in yellow and melt-refreeze TAC data in blue. All data on the synchronized ice age scale for GRIP and NGRIP are according to Seierstad et al (2014). The black curve at the bottom represents the difference between GRIP and NGRIP TAC data in 2 kyr intervals.…”

Section: Offset Correction In the Melt-refreeze Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic and insolation control on the high-resolution total air content in the NGRIP ice core

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Because the total air content (TAC) of polar ice is directly affected by the atmospheric pressure and temperature, its record in polar ice cores was initially considered as a proxy for past ice sheet elevation changes. However, the Antarctic ice core TAC record is known to also contain an insolation signature, although the underlying physical mechanisms are still a matter of debate. Here we present a highresolution TAC record over the whole North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core, covering the last 120 000 years, which independently supports an insolation signature in Greenland. Wavelet analysis reveals a clear precession and obliquity signal similar to previous findings on Antarctic TAC, with a different insolation history. In our high-resolution record we also find a decrease of 4-6 % (4-5 mL kg −1 ) in TAC as a response to Dansgaard-Oeschger events (DO events). TAC starts to decrease in parallel to increasing Greenland surface temperature and slightly before CH 4 reacts to the warming but also shows a two-step decline that lasts for several centuries into the warm interstadial. The TAC response is larger than expected considering only changes in air density by local temperature and atmospheric pressure as a driver, pointing to a transient firnification response caused by the accumulation-induced increase in the load on the firn at bubble close-off, while temperature changes deeper in the firn are still small.

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Section: The Ngrip Tac Recordmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Offset Correction In the Melt-refreeze Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic and insolation control on the high-resolution total air content in the NGRIP ice core

et al. 2016

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“…Paleohydrologic records and modeling studies of North America from the LGM show that westerly storm tracks were shifted southward and intensified during the LGM (Oster et al, 2015, and references therein), and d 18 O records also indicate that precipitation was up to 7‰ more negative during glacial intervals . Variation in Greenland d 18 O values has also been attributed to southward shifts in storm tracks and moisture sources (Seierstad et al, 2014). Simple isotopic models of the LIS incorporate latitude, altitude, and temperature variation, and these models predict minimum LIS d 18 Ο w values of À30 to À35‰ for the top of ã 3 km-high ice sheet (Sima et al, 2006).…”

Section: Lis Melting Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these records are Holocene in age and postdate the primary melting phase of the LIS during Termination I. As a result, these are likely to yield estimates of LIS d 18 O that are more positive than LGM values, following the climate signal that is seen in Greenland when comparing Holocene ice (À26 to À36‰; Vinther et al, 2009) to LGM ice (À40 to À45‰; Buizert et al, 2014;Johnsen et al, 1972;Seierstad et al, 2014). The most direct measurements of LIS remnants, from ice on the Barnes Ice Cap, yield d 18 O values of À21 to À40‰ (Hooke and Clausen, 1982) at a high-latitude site (70 N) on Baffin Island proximal to a marine isotopic source (Andrews et al, 2002).…”

Section: Lis Melting Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of Laurentide ice-sheet meltwater across Termination I

Vetter

Spero

Eggins

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tWe present a new method that quantifies the oxygen isotope geochemistry of Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS) meltwater across the last deglaciation, and reconstruct decadal-scale variations in the d 18 O of LIS meltwater entering the Gulf of Mexico between~18 and 11 ka. We employ a technique that combines laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) and oxygen isotope analyses on individual shells of the planktic values of Mississippi River discharge from discrete core intervals range from À22‰ to À38‰ VSMOW. These values suggest a dynamic melting history of different parts of the LIS, with potential contributions to Mississippi River outflow from both the low-elevation, southern margin of the LIS and high-elevation, high-latitude domes in the LIS interior that were transported to the ablation zone. Prior to~15.5 ka, the d 18 O water value of the Mississippi River was similar to that of regional precipitation or low-latitude LIS meltwater, but the Ba concentration in the Mississippi basin was affected by changes in weathering within the watershed, complicating Ba-salinity relationships in the Gulf of Mexico. After 13 ka, our data suggest Mississippi River outflow did not influence surface salinity above our Gulf of Mexico Orca Basin core site. Rather, we hypothesize that open ocean conditions prevailed as sea level rose and the paleoshoreline at the southern edge of North America retreated northward.

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“…Additionally, we utilise ion data from the Greenland ice core GISP2 (Zielinski et al, 1997) on the most recent chronological model for the core (the GICC05modelext chronology; Seierstad et al, 2014) to identify a large volcanogenic sulfate spike whose timing coincides with both the Laacher See eruption and the initiation of GS-1-related cooling. We suggest that the initial, short-lived volcanogenic aerosol cooling triggered a sea-ice-AMOC positive feedback that caused both basin-wide cooling and the dynamical climate shifts most closely associated with the YD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

2018

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Abstract. The Younger Dryas is considered the archetypal millennial-scale climate change event, and identifying its cause is fundamental for thoroughly understanding climate systematics during deglaciations. However, the mechanisms responsible for its initiation remain elusive, and both of the most researched triggers (a meltwater pulse or a bolide impact) are controversial. Here, we consider the problem from a different perspective and explore a hypothesis that Younger Dryas climate shifts were catalysed by the unusually sulfurrich 12.880 ± 0.040 ka BP eruption of the Laacher See volcano (Germany). We use the most recent chronology for the GISP2 ice core ion dataset from the Greenland ice sheet to identify a large volcanic sulfur spike coincident with both the Laacher See eruption and the onset of Younger Dryasrelated cooling in Greenland (i.e. the most recent abrupt Greenland millennial-scale cooling event, the Greenland Stadial 1, GS-1). Previously published lake sediment and stalagmite records confirm that the eruption's timing was indistinguishable from the onset of cooling across the North Atlantic but that it preceded westerly wind repositioning over central Europe by ∼ 200 years. We suggest that the initial short-lived volcanic sulfate aerosol cooling was amplified by ocean circulation shifts and/or sea ice expansion, gradually cooling the North Atlantic region and incrementally shifting the midlatitude westerlies to the south. The aerosol-related cooling probably only lasted 1-3 years, and the majority of Younger Dryas-related cooling may have been due to the seaice-ocean circulation positive feedback, which was particularly effective during the intermediate ice volume conditions characteristic of ∼ 13 ka BP. We conclude that the large and sulfur-rich Laacher See eruption should be considered a viable trigger for the Younger Dryas. However, future studies should prioritise climate modelling of high-latitude volcanism during deglacial boundary conditions in order to test the hypothesis proposed here.

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Consistently dated records from the Greenland GRIP, GISP2 and NGRIP ice cores for the past 104 ka reveal regional millennial-scale δ18O gradients with possible Heinrich event imprint

Cited by 326 publications

References 149 publications

Climatic and insolation control on the high-resolution total air content in the NGRIP ice core

Climatic and insolation control on the high-resolution total air content in the NGRIP ice core

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of Laurentide ice-sheet meltwater across Termination I

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

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