The performance of a building under wind and seismic loads depends on stiffness and mass distribution, and may be estimated using finite element codes. Experience has, however, shown that such finite element models often fail to predict the fundamental natural frequencies. Most of the time the frequencies will be underestimated, that is the building will turn out to be stiffer than anticipated, meaning the design would usually be conservative. On the other hand effects like torsional eccentricity and foundation compliance may not be correctly modelled, which could be less desirable.A full understanding of linear performance under lateral loads can be obtained through experimental evaluation of the vibration modes though use of sensitive transducers (accelerometers) and appropriate data acquisition and modal analysis software. Traditionally a limited range of modal analysis procedures and software have been borrowed and applied to civil applications, but recent developments in system identification permitting modal analysis without measured input forces have been applied to a number of full-scale structures. The basis of some of these procedures are explained and the performance presented through case studies on two tall buildings in Singapore are reported here.Experience shows that a quick and reliable estimation of mode shapes and frequencies can be obtained. Judgement of modal participation and damping ratios requires more detailed study yet the results are at least as convincing as existing frequency domain methods such as peak-picking.2