Consistent Interpretation of Electrical and Optical Transients in Halide Perovskite Layers and Solar Cells

Krückemeier, Lisa; Liu, Zhifa; Krogmeier, Benedikt; Rau, Uwe; Kirchartz, Thomas

doi:10.1002/aenm.202102290

Cited by 29 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Transient photovoltage (TPV) and transient photocurrent (TPC) of the device were measured, which can provide information on the carrier recombination and charge extraction under operating conditions . As shown in the TPV curve (Figure a), the modified device shows a longer charge recombination time (5.88 μs) than the control device (2.01 μs).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with a CuI-Modified Polymer Hole-Transport Layer

Meng

Jia

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) is one of the most used polymer hole-transport layers in inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). However, due to the poor crystal quality of perovskite films prepared on the PTAA underlayer, the solar cells with the PTAA hole-transport layer have not shown excellent photoelectric performance. Furthermore, as a polymer semiconductor material, PTAA is highly hydrophobic, and the wettability of the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of PTAA is not very good, affecting the crystal quality of the perovskite film. CuI has not only a suitable energy-level structure and excellent charge transfer efficiency but also the same element iodine as perovskite, which is conducive to the formation of good interface contact. In this paper, a PTAA film is modified with CuI, which not only improves the wettability but also promotes the crystallization of the perovskite film. A method is developed to estimate the deep defect density from transient open-circuit voltage decay. Using this method, we compare the density of deep-level traps of the perovskite active layer on a CuI-modified PTAA film with that on a PTAA film. We demonstrate that CuI modification to PTAA can inhibit both shallow defects and deep defects, which facilitates carrier transport effectively. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CuI-modified devices achieves 20.20%, which is significantly higher than the 18.07% of the PTAA-only devices. This study demonstrates that the inorganic semiconductor material CuI-modified polymer hole-transport layer is an approach that would provide guidance for interface modification engineering of PVSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with a CuI-Modified Polymer Hole-Transport Layer

Meng

Jia

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…To finalize the coating process, 100 μL of bathocuproine (0.5 mg/mL in IPA) was spin-coated on the top at 4000 rpm for 30 s. As the final step of solar cell fabrication, silver contacts were evaporated in a separate vacuum chamber through a shadow mask to define the final cell area of 1.08 cm 2 , where silver and ITO overlap. For more details on this general type of PSC, please refer to refs and – that include various additional characterization results. The solar cell was then characterized under standard test conditions by using a sun simulator Wacom solar simulator WXS-140S-Super.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Integration of a Silicon/Graphite Anode-Based Lithium-Ion Battery in Photovoltaic Charging Battery Systems

et al. 2022

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy generation is highly dependent on weather conditions and only applicable when the sun is shining during the daytime, leading to a mismatch between demand and supply. Merging PVs with battery storage is the straightforward route to counteract the intermittent nature of solar generation. Capacity (or energy density), overall efficiency, and stability at elevated temperatures are among key battery performance metrics for an integrated PV–battery system. The performance of high-capacity silicon (Si)/graphite (Gr) anode and LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) cathode cells at room temperature, 45, and 60 °C working temperatures for PV modules are explored. The electrochemical performance of both half and full cells are tested using a specially formulated electrolyte, 1 M LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate, with 5 wt % fluoroethylene carbonate, 2 wt % vinylene carbonate, and 1 wt % (2-cyanoethyl)triethoxysilane. To demonstrate solar charging, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are coupled to the developed batteries, following the evaluation of each device. An overall efficiency of 8.74% under standard PV test conditions is obtained for the PSC charged lithium-ion battery via the direct-current–direct-current converter, showing the promising applicability of silicon/graphite-based anodes in the PV–battery integrated system.

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“…There is, therefore, a significant opportunity to reconcile different methods to obtain a robust set of system parameters. In the studies of previous hybrid photovoltaic technologies it was established that analyzing the mechanisms of the lifetime requires obtaining high-quality data over a wide variation of the splitting of the Fermi level. , Recombination in halide perovskites has been studied for many years, but recently some works have developed the correspondence of optical and electro-optical techniques over a wide voltage range. − In addition, progress has been obtained in the characterization of capacitances of halide perovskites. ,, Herein, we summarize the progress in this topic by formulating the conditions of observation of the lifetime in halide perovskites in terms of the capacitances in the system, and we show the correspondence of the models used in the time domain with the frequency domain methods. We also summarize the problems still existing for the measurement of the lifetime in order to point out further experimental determinations. There is a significant opportunity to reconcile different methods to obtain a robust set of system parameters.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime obtained by TPV is consistently larger than that measured by optical methods. It has been pointed out that some exponential dependencies and excess values are due to capacitive factors. − , We now analyze the recombination model used in these references in order to obtain the excess factor of eq .…”

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“…Consider the decay of a small perturbation of charge in the dark, for a sample without contacts. Equation gives Whatever the form of U ( n ), the decay is exponential, and the differential recombination lifetime is given by To make the meaning clear we adopt the recombination model that has been observed in many measurements of halide perovskites. ,,,− Here k rad is the coefficient for radiative band-to-band recombination and τ SRH is the lifetime for linear trap-assisted Shockley–Read–Hall recombination. Inclusion of Auger recombination is not normally necessary in the framework of the methods discussed here.…”

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Interpretation of the Recombination Lifetime in Halide Perovskite Devices by Correlated Techniques

Bisquert

2022

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Institute of Advanced Materials. He published the book Physics of Solar Energy Conversion (CRC Press, 2020) that establishes a general physical picture of solar energy devices. He has been distinguished in the list of Highly Cited Researchers from 2014 to 2021. He is Editor for Europe of the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. His research activity is dedicated to the mechanisms of energy devices such as the hybrid metal halide perovskites, a class of photovoltaic materials and devices that show excellent performance. He also investigates the resistive switching of perovskites for memory applications and brain-inspired computing. ■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (MICINN) project PID2019-107348GB-100 for financial support.

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Consistent Interpretation of Electrical and Optical Transients in Halide Perovskite Layers and Solar Cells

Abstract: The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102290.

Cited by 29 publications

References 84 publications

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with a CuI-Modified Polymer Hole-Transport Layer

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with a CuI-Modified Polymer Hole-Transport Layer

Toward the Integration of a Silicon/Graphite Anode-Based Lithium-Ion Battery in Photovoltaic Charging Battery Systems

Interpretation of the Recombination Lifetime in Halide Perovskite Devices by Correlated Techniques

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