Consistent Estimates of Very Low HIV Incidence Among People Who Inject Drugs: New York City, 2005–2014

Jarlais, Don C. Des; Arasteh, Kamyar; McKnight, Courtney; Feelemyer, Jonathan; Campbell, Aimee N.C.; Tross, Susan; Smith, Lou; Cooper, Hannah L.F.; Hagan, Holly; Perlman, David C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.303019

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In some ways, this is a testament to the success of New York City’s and New York State’s multi-pronged efforts to reduce HIV transmission (31, 32). On the other hand, the rates of high-risk sex and the patterns of group sex attendance, as well as the Indiana outbreak (1), suggest that there is a high potential for an HIV and/or STI epidemic among young adult opioid users in NYC that could potentially spread to non-drug-using groups via sexual transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Risk and Transmission Behaviors, Partnerships and Settings Among Young Adult Nonmedical Opioid Users in New York City

et al. 2017

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Background Nonmedical prescription opioid use has become widespread. It can lead to heroin use, drug injection and HIV infection. We describe young adult opioid users’ sexual risk behavior, partnerships and settings. Methods 464 youth aged 18 – 29 who reported opioid use in the past 30 days were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling. Eligible participants completed a computer-assisted, interviewer-administered risk questionnaire and were tested for STIs and HIV. Results Participants (33% female; 66% white non-Hispanic) almost all had sex in the prior 90 days; 42% reported more than one partner. Same-sex sex was reported by 3% of men and 11% of women. Consistent condom use was rare. Seven percent reported group sex participation in the last 90 days but lifetime group sex was common among men and women. Conclusions Young opioid users’ unprotected sex, multiple partners and group sex puts them and others at high HIV and STI risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Risk and Transmission Behaviors, Partnerships and Settings Among Young Adult Nonmedical Opioid Users in New York City

et al. 2017

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“…In this paper, we compare HIV infection and risk behavior among female and heterosexual male PWID from 2001 to 2005 to 2011–2015. These two periods coincide with a marked reduction in HIV incidence among PWID in New York City, from 0.8/100 PY in 1999–2002 (Des Jarlais et al, 2005) to 0.1/100 PY in 2011–2014, (Des Jarlais et al, 2016a) and permit us to assess whether sex disparities changed over these two time periods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male/female disparities were noted early as 1984, with prevalence among males at 48% compared to 58% HIV prevalence among females (Marmor et al, 1987). With implementation of full “combined prevention and care,” including treatment as prevention, HIV incidence among PWID in New York City has now fallen to 0.1/100 PY at risk (Des Jarlais et al, 2016a). Given this decrease, we are examining sex disparities in HIV infection at what may be termed the “end of the HIV epidemic” among PWID in New York City.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosexual male and female disparities in HIV infection at the end of an epidemic: HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in New York City, 2001–2005 and 2011–2015

Jarlais

McKnight

Feelemyer

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…However, previous comparisons of HIV among persons enter Mount Sinai Beth Israel drug treatment programs with persons recruited from the community (and from other drug treatment programs) show great consistency across the various recruitment sites. 19 …”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Among Non-Injecting Heroin and Cocaine Users in New York City, 2005 to 2014: Prospects for Avoiding a Resurgence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Jarlais¹,

Arasteh

Feelemyer

et al. 2017

Sexual Trans Dis

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Background Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2) infection increases both susceptibility to and transmissibility of HIV, and HSV-2 and HIV are often strongly associated in HIV epidemics. We assessed trends in HSV-2 prevalence among non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) when HIV prevalence declined from 16% to 8% among NIDUs in New York City. Methods Subjects were current non-injecting users of heroin and/or cocaine and who had never injected illicit drugs. 3157 NIDU subjects were recruited between 2005–2014 among persons entering Mount Sinai Beth Israel substance use treatment programs. Structured interviews, HIV and HSV-2 testing were administered. Change over time was assessed by comparing 2005–2010 to 2011–2014 time periods. HSV-2 incidence was estimated among persons who participated in multiple years. Results HSV-2 prevalence was strongly associated with HIV prevalence (OR=3.9, 95% CI 2.9–5.1) from 2005–2014. HSV-2 prevalence declined from 60% to 56% (p=0.01). The percentage of NIDUs with neither HSV-2 nor HIV infection increased from 37% to 43%, (p<0.001); the percentage with HSV-2/HIV co-infection declined from 13% to 6%, (p<0.001). Estimated HSV-2 incidence was 1 – 2/100 person-years at risk Conclusions There were parallel declines in HIV and HSV-2 among NIDUs in New York City from 2005 to 2014. The increase in the percentage of NIDUs with neither HSV-2 nor HIV infection, the decrease in the percentage with HSV-2/HIV co-infection, and the low to moderate HSV-2 incidence suggest some population-level protection against resurgence of HIV. Prevention efforts should be strengthened to end the combined HIV/HSV-2 epidemic among NIDUs in the city.

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Consistent Estimates of Very Low HIV Incidence Among People Who Inject Drugs: New York City, 2005–2014

Abstract: All methods appear to capture the same phenomenon of very low and decreasing HIV transmission among persons who inject drugs. Public Health Implications. If resources are available, the use of multiple methods would provide better information for public health purposes.

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Sexual Risk and Transmission Behaviors, Partnerships and Settings Among Young Adult Nonmedical Opioid Users in New York City

Sexual Risk and Transmission Behaviors, Partnerships and Settings Among Young Adult Nonmedical Opioid Users in New York City

Heterosexual male and female disparities in HIV infection at the end of an epidemic: HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in New York City, 2001–2005 and 2011–2015

Decline in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Among Non-Injecting Heroin and Cocaine Users in New York City, 2005 to 2014: Prospects for Avoiding a Resurgence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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