Consistency of the reduced bootstrap for sample means

Jiménez-Gamero, M. D.; García, Joaquín Muñoz; Cubiles-de-la-Vega, María-Dolores

doi:10.1016/j.spl.2005.10.038

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Exploratory analysis revealed that variability of forearm and trunk agonist and antagonist muscle activation increased with increasing natural frequency of the stick. To account for this heteroscedasticity, a sequential bootstrap technique was applied (Babu et al 1999;Jimenez-Gamero et al 2006). For more particulars on the methods, see the APPENDIX.…”

Section: Hypothesis 2: the Level Of Muscle Activation In Both Agonistmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits in motor control bandwidth during stick balancing

Reeves

Pathak

Popovich

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Why can we balance a yardstick but not a pencil on the tip of our finger? As with other physical systems, human motor control has constraints, referred to as bandwidth, which restricts the range of frequency over which the system can operate within some tolerated level of error. To investigate control bandwidth, the natural frequency of a stick used during a stick-balancing task was modified by adjusting the height of a mass attached to the stick. The ability to successfully balance the stick with the mass positioned at four different heights was determined. In addition, electromyographic signals from forearm and trunk muscles were recorded during the trials. We hypothesized that 1) the probability of successfully balancing would decrease as mass height decreased; and 2) the level of muscle activation in both agonist and antagonist would increase as the natural frequency of the stick increased. Results showed that as the mass height decreased the probability of successfully balancing the stick decreased. Changes in the probability of success with respect to mass height showed a threshold effect, suggesting that limits in human control bandwidth were approached at the lowest mass height. Also, the level of muscle activation in both the agonist and antagonist of the forearm and trunk increased linearly as the natural frequency of the stick increased. These changes in muscle activation suggest that the central nervous system adapts muscle activation to task dynamics, possibly to improve control bandwidth.

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Section: Hypothesis 2: the Level Of Muscle Activation In Both Agonistmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for heteroscedasticity in the dependent variables, a sequential bootstrap technique was applied (Babu et al 1999;Jimenez-Gamero et al 2006). Briefly, data from the experiment were used to generate 1,000 new data sets from the original data, but with different frequency of occurrence (weights).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%