Consistency of immigrant suicide rates in Austria with country-of-birth suicide rates: A role for genetic risk factors for suicide?

Voracek, Martin; Loibl, Lisa Mariella; Dervic, Kanita; Kapusta, Nestor D.; Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas; Sonneck, Gernot

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.032

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Risk factor profiles were similar between the Vietnamese-immigrant sample and the source Vietnamese population; but there were differences in the interaction of risk factors when comparing the Vietnamese-immigrant and the Australian-born samples. An analogous pattern has been observed for cross-national suicide rates, in which prevalence rates are largely constant between immigrants and their source country populations, but differ from those of the host society [33]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Patterns of risk for anxiety-depression amongst Vietnamese-immigrants: a comparison with source and host populations

et al. 2013

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BackgroundStudies suggest that immigrants have higher rates of anxiety-depression than compatriots in low-middle income countries and lower rates than populations in host high income countries. Elucidating the factors that underlie these stepwise variations in prevalence may throw new light on the pathogenesis of anxiety-depressive disorders globally. This study aimed to examine whether quantitative differences in exposure to, or the interaction between, risk factors account for these anxiety-depression prevalence differences amongst immigrant relative to source and host country populations.MethodsMultistage population mental health surveys were conducted in three groups: 1) a Vietnamese-immigrant sample settled in Australia (n = 1161); 2) a Vietnamese source country sample residing in the Mekong Delta region (n = 3039); 3) an Australian-born host country sample (n = 7964). Multivariable logistic regression analyses compared risk factors between the Vietnamese-immigrant group and: 1) the Mekong Delta Vietnamese; and 2) the Australian-born group. Twelve month anxiety-depression diagnoses were the main outcome measures, derived from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), supplemented by an indigenously derived measure - the Phan Vietnamese Psychiatric Scale (PVPS) in both Vietnamese groups.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of anxiety-depression showed a stepwise increase across groups: Mekong Delta Vietnamese 4.8%; Vietnamese-immigrants 7.0%; Australian-born 10.2%. The two Vietnamese populations showed a similar risk profile with older age, exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), multiple physical illnesses and substance use disorder (SUD) being associated with anxiety-depression, with the older Vietnamese-immigrants reporting greater exposure to these factors. The interaction between key risk factors differed fundamentally when comparing Vietnamese-immigrant and Australian-born samples. Age emerged as the major discriminator, with young Vietnamese-immigrants exhibiting particularly low rates of anxiety-depression.ConclusionsThe findings reported here suggest that core risk factors for anxiety-depression may be universal, but their patterning and interaction may differ according to country-of-origin. The study also highlights the importance of including both standard international and culturally-specific measures to index cross-cultural manifestations of common mental disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Patterns of risk for anxiety-depression amongst Vietnamese-immigrants: a comparison with source and host populations

et al. 2013

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“…This finding was generally in line with earlier studies, in which it was observed that the suicide rates of immigrants from these regions were higher than the rates of the Australian‐born population (Burvill et al ., ; Ide et al ., ). According to these studies, immigrants appear to bring suicide risk and protective factors from their home countries, including religious and traditional cultures, social statuses, personal experiences and specific genetic factors (Trovato and Jarvis, ; Burvill, ; De Leo, ; Voracek et al ., ); therefore, the suicide rates of immigrants have been found to be closer to those of their homeland than their host country (Ide et al ., ). However, when analysing the data separately by country of birth (COB) of immigrants and gender, it was found that the association between immigrants from Northern and Western Europe and suicide mortality disappeared for both older men and women, while each gender was associated with the different COB groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influences of population-level factors on suicides in older adults: a national ecological study from Australia

Law

Kõlves

Leo

2015

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry

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Specific factors increasing risk of suicide for older adults on SA4 level in Australia were living in areas with a higher proportion of male population, a higher proportion of tenant household dwellers and a higher proportion of immigrants from North-West Europe. The different influences of population-level factor on suicide between older men and women indicate the need for targeted suicide prevention activities.

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“…Lower SR for foreign citizens in Germany might result from a favourable risk profile. Immigrants partly transfer their risk profile to the host country since SR in immigrant groups correlate with SR in their country of origin [26,22,34,35]. Speculative, severe mental or physical illness (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male suicide rates in German prisons and the role of citizenship

et al. 2017

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PurposePrisoners are at a particularly high risk of suicide. In contrast to other psychosocial risk factors it remains unclear to what degree the risk of suicide differs between prisoners with local citizenship and foreigners. In order to provide more detailed information for suicide prevention in prisons, this study aims to compare suicide rates (SR) between these populations in German criminal custody.MethodsBased on a German national database of completed suicide in custody, suicides by prisoners were analysed and compared with epidemiological data of the prison population and the general population, stratified for German and foreign citizenship. Data analysis was adjusted for differences in the age distribution of both populations by calculating standard mortality ratios (SMR) for suicide.ResultsSR were higher in prisoners with German citizenship than those with foreign citizenship (SR = 76.5 vs. SR = 42.8, P<0.01). This association was not specific to the prison population, as the higher SR in citizens compared to non-citizens (SR = 19.3 vs. SR = 9.0, P<0.01) were also found in the general population. The association between prison suicide and citizenship was comparable in juvenile and adult prisoners, indicating its relevance to both the juvenile and adult detention systems.ConclusionImprisonment is associated with a substantially increased risk of suicide in both German and non-German citizens, a finding which needs to be taken into consideration by the justice system. The lower suicide risk in non-German citizens is independent of whether or not they are in custody.

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Consistency of immigrant suicide rates in Austria with country-of-birth suicide rates: A role for genetic risk factors for suicide?

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Patterns of risk for anxiety-depression amongst Vietnamese-immigrants: a comparison with source and host populations

Patterns of risk for anxiety-depression amongst Vietnamese-immigrants: a comparison with source and host populations

Influences of population-level factors on suicides in older adults: a national ecological study from Australia

Male suicide rates in German prisons and the role of citizenship

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