“…For a more detailed operational definition of how border-ownership selectivity is determined experimentally, see Section 2.4. Border-ownership coding has been studied using a wide variety of artificial stimuli, including those defined by luminance contrast, color contrast, figure outlines (Zhou et al, 2000), motion (von der Heydt et al, 2003), disparity (Zhou et al, 2000; Qiu and von der Heydt, 2005), and transparency (Qiu and von der Heydt, 2007) as well as, more recently, with faces (Hesse and Tsao, 2016) and within complex natural scenes (Williford and von der Heydt, 2014). …”