“…The effectiveness of deep learning methods often hinges on the availability of large, accurately labeled datasets, which can be challenging to acquire in the medical image analysis domain. To address the high costs and time associated with obtaining detailed annotations like pixel-level segmentation masks, research has shifted towards Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) [4,16,33,10,31] and Weakly-Supervised Learning (WSL) [15,35,20,13,34]. SSL focuses on training networks with a small set of pixel-level labeled data, whereas WSL employs simpler forms of annotations such as bounding boxes, checkmarks, and points to provide a feasible approach for training segmentation networks under limited-signal supervision.…”