Considering specialization/versatility as an unintended collateral consequence of SORN

Offending competency and coercive control in intimate partner violence

“…We suggest that the notion of offending competency is most relevant to the coercive controlling group of perpetrators, who are likely to repeatedly act violently over longer periods of time. It makes intuitive sense that such offenders will be violent with increasing frequency and ease, even if they do not specialize in only one form of offending (see Jennings, Zgoba, Donner, Henderson, & Tewksbury, 2014;Vess & Skelton, 2010).…”

Perceptions of and support for sex offender policies: Testing Levenson, Brannon, Fortney, and Baker’s findings

“…Finally, requiring sex offenders to register with the state for long periods (or a lifetime) implies that they are stable in their offending over time and cannot be rehabilitated, though empirical evidence does not support these assumptions (Hargreaves & Francis, 2014;Lussier & Blokland, 2014). Rather, as a group, sex offenders recidivate relatively less than other criminals (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998;Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005;Langan, Smith, & Durose, 2003), and are not likely to specialize in sexual offending (Jennings, Zgoba, Donner, Henderson, & Tewksbury, 2014).…”

Specialization in offending: A comprehensive review of criminological theories and empirical studies

“…This is because they come together for certain purposes. Thus, they specialize in certain crimes (Cloward & Ohlin, 2003;Sutherland & Cressey, 2003;Jennings et al, 2014;Tumminello et al, 2013;Rowe, 2003;and Colvin & Pauly, 1983;McGloin & Piquero, 2010;Warr, 1996;Agnew, 2005).…”