2016
DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600781r
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Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical research

Abstract: In June 2015, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released a Guide notice (NOT-OD-15-102) that highlighted the expectation of the NIH that the possible role of sex as a biologic variable be factored into research design, analyses, and reporting of vertebrate animal and human studies. Anticipating these guidelines, the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, in October 2014, convened key stakeholders to discuss methods and techniques for integrating sex as a biologic variable in preclinical research. The … Show more

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Cited by 309 publications
(201 citation statements)
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“…Over the years, male animals have been disproportionately studied in basic science research, leading to a lack of awareness of sex-specific differences (31, 32). Therefore, we included equally robust numbers of both male and female animals in our study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the years, male animals have been disproportionately studied in basic science research, leading to a lack of awareness of sex-specific differences (31, 32). Therefore, we included equally robust numbers of both male and female animals in our study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In research, a distinction is made between sex as “sex,” meaning the chromosomal distribution in cells, and as “gender,” the gender determination provided for by society 7,8. Both categories are at the same time important preconditions for the way of life and pursuit of a person.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, several studies have addressed the possible role of gender as a biological variable–for example, lung and kidney injury, gut microbiota composition, haematopoiesis etc. [6165]. Therefore, the gender-specific differences, along with organ- and species-specific differences, also deserve a careful consideration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%