Considering built environment and spatial correlation in modeling pedestrian injury severity

Prato, Carlo Giacomo; Kaplan, Sigal; Patrier, Alexandre; Rasmussen, Thomas Kjær

doi:10.1080/15389588.2017.1329535

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Research on the severity of pedestrian-vehicle crashes has been ongoing for many years in multiple countries [1][2][3][8][9][10]13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Many studies have identified factors that affect the severity of pedestrian injuries, including the personal characteristics of pedestrians and drivers, temporal characteristics, and aspects of the built environment, such as road characteristics and land use.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Pour-Rouholamin and Zhou [10], Guo et al [22], and Choe et al [28] find that young drivers, who are relatively inexperienced in driving, have a higher risk of fatality and can cause serious accidents. In addition, studies focusing on drivers' gender find statistically significant differences between male drivers and female drivers in relation to injury severity [1,18,19,21,23].…”

Section: Accident Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, drivers' drinking or drug use [1,3,10,13,18,23,27] and speeding [1,23] are found to cause fatal injuries to pedestrians. Moudon et al [8], Zahabi et al [16], and Prato et al [21] found that driver behaviors in the event of pedestrian-vehicle crashes are related to injury severity.…”

Section: Accident Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

Park

Bae²

2020

IJERPH

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Pedestrian-vehicle crashes can result in serious injury to pedestrians, who are exposed to danger when in close proximity to moving vehicles. Furthermore, these injuries can be considerably serious and even lead to death in a manner that varies depending on the pedestrian’s age. This is because the pedestrian’s physical characteristics and behaviors, particularly in relation to roads with moving vehicles, differ depending on the pedestrian’s age. This study examines the determinants of pedestrian injury severity by pedestrian age using binary logistic regression. Factors in the built environment, such as road characteristics and land use of the places where pedestrian crashes occurred, were considered, as were the accident characteristics of the pedestrians and drivers. The analysis determined that the accident characteristics of drivers and pedestrians are more influential in pedestrian-vehicle crashes than the factors of the built environmental characteristics. However, there are substantial differences in injury severity relative to the pedestrian’s age. Young pedestrians (aged under 20 years old) are more likely to suffer serious injury in school zones; however, no association between silver zones and injury severity is found for elderly pedestrians. For people in the age range of 20–39 years old, the severity of pedestrian injuries is lower in areas with more crosswalks and speed cameras. People in the age range of 40–64 years old are more likely to be injured in areas with more neighborhood streets and industrial land use. Elderly pedestrians are likely to suffer fatal injuries in areas with more traffic signals. This study finds that there are differences in the factors of pedestrian injury severity according to the age of pedestrians. Therefore, it is suggested that concrete and efficient policies related to pedestrian age are required to improve pedestrian safety and reduce pedestrian-vehicle crashes.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accident Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

Park

Bae²

2020

IJERPH

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“…Lower speed roads are associated with a reduced risk of pedestrian motor vehicle collision (PMVC) as well as less severe PMVC injuries [5]. A comprehensive literature review that examined pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed showed that for every 1.6 km/h reduction in speed, PMVC frequency was reduced by 5% [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis of impact speed and pedestrian fatality risk supports setting speed limits of 30-40 km/h for high pedestrian activity areas as the risk of a fatality reaches 5% at an estimated impact speed of 30 km/h [8]. Although many studies report a reduction in severe PMVC injuries and crash risk after lowering speed limits, speed limit reductions have not been well studied using controlled quasi experimental designs [5,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reducing the posted speed limit to 30 km per hour on pedestrian motor vehicle collisions in Toronto, Canada - a quasi experimental, pre-post study

et al. 2020

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Background: Pedestrian related deaths have recently been on the rise in Canada. The effect of changing posted speeds on the frequency and severity of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions (PMVC) is not well studied using controlled quasi-experimental designs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lowering speed limits from 40 km/h to 30 km/h on PMVC on local roads in Toronto, Canada. Methods: A 30 km/h speed limit on local roads in Toronto was implemented between January 2015 and December 2016. Streets that remained at a 40 km/h speed limit throughout the study period were selected as comparators. A quasi-experimental, pre-post study with a comparator group was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on PMVC rates before and after the speed limit change using repeated measures Poisson regression. PMVC data were obtained from police reports for a minimum of two years pre-and post-intervention (2013 to 2018). Results: Speed limit reductions from 40 km/h to 30 km/h were associated with a 28% decrease in the PMVC incidence rate in the City of Toronto (IRR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.89). A non-significant 7% decrease in PMVC incidence rates were observed on comparator streets that remained at 40 km/h speed limits (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.70-1.25). Speed limit reduction also influenced injury severity, with a significant 67% decrease in major and fatal injuries in the post intervention period on streets with speed limit reductions (IRR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13-0.85) compared with a 31% not statistically significant decrease in major and fatal injuries on comparator streets (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.37-1.31). The interaction term for group and pre-post comparisons was not statistically significant (p = 0.14) indicating that there was no evidence to suggest a pre-post difference in IRRs between the intervention and comparator streets. Conclusions: Declines in the rate of PMVC were observed on roads with posted speed limit reductions from 40 km/h to 30 km/h, although this effect was not statistically greater than reductions on comparator streets.

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Analyzing freeway crash severity using a Bayesian spatial generalized ordered logit model with conditional autoregressive priors

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Accident Analysis & Prevention

141

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Considering built environment and spatial correlation in modeling pedestrian injury severity

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

Effect of reducing the posted speed limit to 30 km per hour on pedestrian motor vehicle collisions in Toronto, Canada - a quasi experimental, pre-post study

Analyzing freeway crash severity using a Bayesian spatial generalized ordered logit model with conditional autoregressive priors

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