Considering anabolic androgenic steroid use in relation to non-substance related diagnostic categories with special emphasis on eating disorders: a systematic review

Joubert, H. Eli; Melluish, Stephen

doi:10.3109/14659891.2014.977974

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The DSM 5 [80] states that some individuals with muscle dysmorphia (MD), a form of body image disturbance, use AAS. Moreover, one study found that men using AAS for image-related reasons reported higher levels of MD and eating disorder symptomology [79, 81] suggesting there is a need for more awareness raising and that people showing such symptoms should be supported through appropriate gender specific interventions [82]. No study evidenced a need for support aligned to stopping AAS use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access

et al. 2019

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Background Since there is a paucity of research on support for people using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS), we aimed to identify and synthesise the available evidence in this field. Gaining an understanding of the support both accessed and wanted by recreational AAS users will be of use to professionals who provide services to intravenous substance users and also to those working in the fields of public health and social care, with the aim to increase engagement of those using AAS. Methods A systematic scoping review of the literature to explore and identify the nature and scope of information and support both accessed and wanted by non-prescribed AAS users. Any support services or information designed to help people who use AAS were considered. Results We identified 23 papers and one report for review, which indicated that AAS users access a range of sources of information on: how to inject, substance effectiveness, dosages and side effects, suggesting this is the type of information users want. AAS users sought support from a range of sources including medical professionals, needle and syringe programmes, friends, dealers, and via the internet, suggesting that, different sources were used dependent on the information or support sought. Discussion AAS users tended to prefer peer advice and support over that of professionals, and access information online via specialist forums, reflecting the stigma that is experienced by AAS users. These tendencies can act as barriers to accessing services provided by professionals. Conclusions Support needs to be specific and targeted towards AAS users. Sensitivity to their perceptions of their drug-use and the associated stigma of being classified in the same sub-set as other illicit drug users is relevant to facilitating successful engagement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7288-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access

et al. 2019

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“…Ahora, pese a las variaciones y limitaciones metodológicas, los resultados documentados con relación a la frecuencia de USE arrojan ciertas vertientes relevantes: a) la factible existencia de un patrón de progresión en el USE, que va de las legales en un extremo al de ilegales, con los EAA en el otro extremo, lo que fundamenta la pertinencia de ampliar el espectro de SE que examinar, considerando además que la persona suele usar más de una 16,29 ; b) en varones, aunque pondera el USE para incrementar masa muscular, este puede coexistir con el de otras dirigidas a quemar grasa 4,42 , lo que confirma no solo la complejidad general del estudio de las conductas de cambio corporal, sino además del USE específico; c) si bien la práctica deportiva no parece relacionada con mayor frecuencia de USE, las evidencias señalan que el entrenamiento de musculación sí, lo que subraya la importancia de analizar la motivación que subyace a la realización de ejercicio (apariencia frente a ejecución), asumiendo que, aunque en ambas la función radica en lograr un cambio en la estructura o composición corporal, las dos finalidades no necesariamente confluyen, y d) resulta evidente que la presencia de un diagnóstico de DM no presupone el concurso de USE, pero sí la probabiliza, de modo que 7-9 de cada 10 pacientes con DM han usado alguna SE y 4 de cada 10, EAA. Ahora bien, de los resultados referentes a la caracterización-comparación de muestras, destacan otras vertientes: a) el correlato actitudinal de DM no muestra capacidad para diferenciar entre usuarios de SE y no usuarios, pero sí el conductual, lo que indica la necesidad de evaluar diferenciadamente estos correlatos 36,43 ; b) los practicantes de musculación y, más específicamente de fisicoculturismo, representan dos muestras de mayor riesgo de DM y USE, y c) en el contexto de la DM, el USE (principalmente ilegales) es una conducta de cambio corporal clínicamente relevante.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dismorfia muscular y uso de sustancias ergogénicas. Una revisión sistemática

García-Rodríguez

Álvarez-Rayón

Ruiz

et al. 2017

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría

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The use of ergogenic substances (UES) is not restricted to achieving a better athletic performance, but also it is a behavior for body changing through muscle development; however, little is known about the relationship between muscle dysmorphia (MD) and UES. Therefore, it was conducted a systematic review of those empirical papers that have studied this relationship over the last decade (2004-2014). First it is highlighted that of the 22 articles analyzed, only 13 explicitly aimed this interest. Besides, although the documented data outlined some relevant aspects such as the existence of a high co-occurrence (60-90%) between MD and UES. In general, the evidence is still incipient and uncertain, mainly because of the large disparity between the methodologies of the studies, particularly in terms of indicators, parameters and measures utilized to assess UES within the context of MD.

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Section: Taking Up Keane’s Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final citation of Keane’s work appears in the article by Joubert and Melluish (2016). The authors begin their engagement with her work, and that of Monaghan (2009), by citing it in support of their discussion about the ways in which steroids differ from other drugs (Joubert and Melluish, 2016: 214–215). They also seem to accept Keane’s main critical point that ‘psychology and medicine seem to understand substance use as individual pathology and focus on the negative effects of drug use (Keane, 2005) (Joubert and Melluish, 2016: 215).…”

Section: Taking Up Keane’s Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors begin their engagement with her work, and that of Monaghan (2009), by citing it in support of their discussion about the ways in which steroids differ from other drugs (Joubert and Melluish, 2016: 214–215). They also seem to accept Keane’s main critical point that ‘psychology and medicine seem to understand substance use as individual pathology and focus on the negative effects of drug use (Keane, 2005) (Joubert and Melluish, 2016: 215). However, they go on to claim that ‘Keane (2005) understands [steroid] use as a symptom of a cultural, rather than a substance use disorder’ (Joubert and Melluish, 2016: 215) when Keane actually argues that this position is characteristic of one of the two discourses she identifies and critiques.…”

Section: Taking Up Keane’s Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Masculinities, practices and meanings: A critical analysis of recent literature on the use of performance- and image-enhancing drugs among men

et al. 2019

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The use of performance- and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs) has been a topic of considerable research interest since the 1980s, with the vast majority of PIED consumers being men. In this article, our departure point is a 2005 article by Helen Keane, in which she critically analyses ‘the discursive constitution of male steroid users’ as psychologically disordered subjects. We extend Keane’s insightful feminist analysis by examining the constitution of masculinity in post-2005 social science research on PIEDs. We ask (1) to what extent do the discursive trends identified by Keane persist in the more recent literature on PIED use among men? (2) how have her insights been taken up in the post-2005 literature, and (3) to what extent does this work attend to the specificity and varied meanings of steroid practices? We argue that men who use PIEDs continue to be pathologised as insecure, inadequate and vulnerable, and marked by ‘obsession’, ‘compensatory behaviours’ and crisis. In some of the analysed texts, the male steroid user becomes doubly disordered as both insecure in his masculine body and at risk of drug dependence. Of the articles that engage with Keane’s work, only two recognise the value of her insights. The others misinterpret or apply Keane’s argument in inconsistent or incoherent ways. Finally, in some of the post-2005 texts, we begin to see attention to the wide variety of practices and meanings encompassed by the term ‘PIED use’ although much remains to be learned.

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Considering anabolic androgenic steroid use in relation to non-substance related diagnostic categories with special emphasis on eating disorders: a systematic review

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access

Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access

Dismorfia muscular y uso de sustancias ergogénicas. Una revisión sistemática

Masculinities, practices and meanings: A critical analysis of recent literature on the use of performance- and image-enhancing drugs among men

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