Considerations on release of gene-technologically engineered microorganisms into the environment

Abstract

The present study points out the principles to be observed by a manufacturer as a precaution against risks in the case of a deliberate release of genetically altered microorganisms or viruses. Possible hazard potentials are deduced step by step from ecological and genetic facts, and are substantiated and correlated with considerations concerning the likehood of their occurrence. References are given to test procedures and suitable methods for genetic and ecological safeguards. The study indicated the questions likely to be answered in the course of a registration procedure, and the areas in which research activity is urgently required.

Gene transfer in soil systems using microcosms

“…A number of these considerations are discussed below. Importantly though, the ecological effects which may result from the introduction of a particular organism must be evaluated on a ‘case‐by‐case’ basis [3].…”

Monitoring survival and gene transfer in soil microcosms of recombinant Escherichia coli designed to represent an industrial production strain

“…How such GEMs spread, survive, affect the environment and exchange genetic material with native members of the soil microflora needs to be evaluated (Domsch et al 1987(Domsch et al , 1988Tiedje et al 1989;Henschke and Schmidt 1990b). On the other hand recombinant DNA techniques have been applied to obtain microorganisms capable of producing high-value pharmaceuticals in physically contained laboratories and fermentors.…”