Considerations for Upgrading Light Cycle Oil with Hydroprocessing Technologies

Bisht, Deepak; Petri, John

doi:10.1080/00194506.2014.927179

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…isomerization, ring-opening, cracking, and dealkylation. In general, noble metal catalysts are not preferred for hydrocracking reactions due to their sensibility to sulfur and nitrogen compounds presented in real feeds [2,10,14].…”

Section: Effect Of the Acidity And Support Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalysts were tested at several experimental conditions to evaluate the best catalytic mixture and the catalyst that performed the best was tested at 425 °C, 6 MPa, WHSV of 2 h −1 , and 1975 H 2 /feed volume ratio using a full range distillation hydrotreated light cycle oil (HDT LCO 2/1, Final boiling point (FBP) = 386 °C) and a fractionated hydrotreated light cycle oil (HDT LCO 2/2, FBP 334 °C). When using the HDT LCO 2/1, the BTX total yields were 29% for NiMo/BZ (10) and Mo(8)/BZ (10) catalysts. No naphthalene, tetralin or indene derivatives were obtained at these experimental conditions.…”

Section: Btx Rotal Yield Wt%mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) [1,2,10] has been studied either using model mixtures [1,3] or in a lesser extent using real feeds [2,4]. Additionally, it is well known [1,2,10] that catalysts play a key role in the hydrogenation (partial saturation) of naphthalene followed by the selective cracking of naphthenic structures, producing one-ring-aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl chains. For this purpose, bifunctional catalysts with acid (support) and metal (hydrogenation-dehydrogenation) functions are frequently used [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

et al. 2021

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Catalysts to produce the important petrochemicals like benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) from refinery feedstocks, like light cycle oil (LCO) are reviewed here by covering published papers using model mixtures and real feeds. Model compounds experiments like tetralin and naphthalene derivatives provided a 53–55% total BTX yield. Higher yields were never attained due to the inevitable gas formation and other C9+-alkylbenzenes formed. For tetralin, the best catalysts are those conformed by Ni, CoMo, NiMo, or NiSn over zeolite H-Beta. For naphthalene derivatives, the best catalysts were those conformed by W and NiW over zeolite H-Beta silylated. Real feeds produced a total BTX yield of up to 35% at the best experimental conditions. Higher yields were never reached due to the presence of other types of hydrocarbons in the feed which can compete for the catalytic sites. The best catalysts were those conformed by Mo, CoMo, or NiMo over zeolite H-Beta. Some improvements were obtained by adding ZSM-5 to the support or in mixtures with other catalysts.

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Section: Effect Of the Acidity And Support Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Btx Rotal Yield Wt%mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

et al. 2021

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“…However, since the gas fraction is undesirable because it affects the desirable liquid fraction, a compromise is required for increasing the BTX selectivity without over-cracking the feedstock. The H 2 -oil relationship was also a parameter that played a key role because it was used to hydrogenate polynuclear aromatics and reduce the aromatic condensation that can lead to coke (8) ln k = −Ea R…”

Section: Simple Model For the Kinetics Of The Overall Lco Hydrocrackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the alternatives for LCO upgrading, the production of BTX after successive hydrotreating (HDT) and hydrocracking (HCK) procedures (Fig. 2) [1,2,8] is found. These types of studies are usually carried out using model mixtures [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the experimental conditions on BTX formation from hydrotreated light cycle oil

et al. 2020

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The study of a light cycle oil (LCO) upgrading alternative involving hydrotreating and hydrocracking/transalkylation procedures for obtaining a benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) enriched fraction is presented. The research work was focused on the effect of the experimental conditions on the hydrocracking of an hydrotreated light cycle oil (HDT LCO) in order to produce the highest amounts of BTX, when the catalysts consisted of a mixture (50/50 in weight) of nickel-molybdenum on alumina (NiMo/Al 2 O 3) and ZSM-5 materials (NiMo/ZSM-5 (50)). It was found that 7.4 MPa, up to 375 °C, LHSV of 1.2 h −1 and a H 2 /Oil value of 442 m 3 /m 3 were the optimal experimental conditions for producing an enriched BTX fraction (31%). In order to facilitate the analysis, the study was carried out considering four types of hydrocarbons as lumps for the feed and HCK products: light hydrocarbons (LHC) composed by C4-C7 non-aromatic compounds, BTX, middle hydrocarbons (MHC) consisting of C7-C10 paraffins and isoparaffins, alkylbenzenes, tetralin and naphthalene derivatives and a small amount of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HHC). Based on this description, HDT LCO used as feedstock for the hydrocracking (HCK) procedure, presents a 99% of a MHC fraction. The HCK conversion, BTX selectivity and yields were obtained from the chromatographic analysis of the products. A simple kinetic model considering only the MHC conversion was carried out. The obtained activation energy confirmed the endothermic nature of the HCK process. The activity decay of the catalytic mixture was also studied by varying the time on stream.

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Effect of the chemical composition of six hydrotreated light cycle oils for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene production by a hydrocracking process

et al. 2021

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The effect of the chemical composition of the hydrotreated light cycle oil (HDT LCO) on the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) production by a hydrocracking (HCK) procedure, is presented. Six different types of HDT LCOs were obtained by submitting two types of LCOs to hydrotreating (HDT) with different catalysts and experimental conditions. The products were analyzed as mono-, di- and tri-aromatic compounds using the supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method (ASTM D5186). The HDT LCOs were subjected to HCK with a 50/50 in weight mixture of nickel-molybdenum on alumina (NiMo/Al2O3) and H-ZSM5 (NiMo/H-ZSM5, 50/50) at 375 °C, 7.5 MPa, 1.2 h−1, and 750 m3/m3 H2/Oil. The HCK products were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and divided into five groups: gas, light hydrocarbons (LHCs), BTEX, middle hydrocarbons (MHCs), and heavy hydrocarbons (HHCs).The results showed that the BTEX formation ranged from 27.0 to 29.8 wt.% and it did not show a significant dependence on the mono-aromatic (59.9 and 75.6 wt.%), total aromatic (61.1–84.2 wt.%) contents or MHCs conversion (58.3–64.3 wt.%) from the departing HDT LCO feedstock. This result implies that, contrary to previous expectations, the BTEX formation does not directly depend on the amounts of total or mono-aromatic compounds when departing from real feedstocks. A GC-PIONA (paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin, naphthene, aromatic) characterization method (ASTM D6623) for mechanism understanding purpose was also carried out.

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Considerations for Upgrading Light Cycle Oil with Hydroprocessing Technologies

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

Effect of the experimental conditions on BTX formation from hydrotreated light cycle oil

Effect of the chemical composition of six hydrotreated light cycle oils for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene production by a hydrocracking process

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