Considerations for Emerging Markets for Energy Savings Certificates

Energy Saving Obligations and White Certificates: Ideas and Considerations for the Transport Sector

“…Outside Europe, TWC schemes have been introduced in Australia (New South Wales; see Passey, MacGill, and Outhred 2008). A number of states in the United States have policies that create long-term energy efficiency obligations; out of these five states have TWCs, 7 but only in Connecticut are TWCs being actively traded for compliance purposes (Friedman, Bird, and Barbose 2008).…”

Making Industry Part of the Climate Solution

“…fits well within the these policies by allowing crediting, banking, or trade of savings to keep aggregate costs low (WRI, 2008). In 2003, New South Wales adopted a trading scheme for energy savings (Friedman, Bird, and Barbose, 2008). Since then, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom, along with four states, have developed systems for trading energy savings certificates.…”

“…Since then, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom, along with four states, have developed systems for trading energy savings certificates. Among the four states -Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Nevada, and Michigan -only Connecticut has a working program while the other three allow trading to meet requirements (Friedman, Bird, and Barbose, 2008). Several European countries have implemented white certificate schemes, including Italy (beginning in 2005) and France and Denmark (starting one year later).…”

“…A voluntary national market for energy savings certificates could develop, like the market for RECs, but it is not clear when this would happen under current policies; similarly, energy savings certificates might be used to comply with carbon restrictions, like in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (Friedman, Bird, and Barbose, 2008). After reviewing existing programs, Vine and Hamrin (2008) itemize the elements of an effective energy-savings trading 33 Any of these names can be considered "an instrument representing a unit of energy savings that has been measured and verified" (Friedman, Bird, and Barbose, 2008 program, which includes having a measurement and evaluation system to ensure real, measurable, verifiable, and additional energy savings.…”

“…After reviewing existing programs, Vine and Hamrin (2008) itemize the elements of an effective energy-savings trading 33 Any of these names can be considered "an instrument representing a unit of energy savings that has been measured and verified" (Friedman, Bird, and Barbose, 2008 program, which includes having a measurement and evaluation system to ensure real, measurable, verifiable, and additional energy savings. They also call for:…”