Considerations and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for the Installation of Collocated Permanent GNSS and SAR Infrastructures for Continuous Space-Based Monitoring of Natural Hazards

Kakoullis, Dimitris; Fotiou, Kyriaki; Melillos, George; Danezis, Chris

doi:10.3390/rs14041020

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The design of this new corner reflector (CR) was carried out taking into account respective infrastructure monitoring studies of the international literature. To design and construct a CR, parameters such as the reflector type, construction material, material strength and low cost are considered [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Some of the most common reflector types are: the monohedral square (flat plate), dihedral, and trihedral reflector.…”

Section: Corner Reflector Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpretation of archived measurements within PROION project

Kyriou,

Nikolakopoulos,

Ganas

et al. 2023

Ninth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2023)

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Earth's surface is constantly changing due to either natural processes or human activities. The systematic monitoring of surface deformation is an essential task to mitigate infrastructure risk and to ensure human safety. It is widely known that Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) constitutes an effective remote sensing technique for the measurement and monitoring of the Earth's surface over time. The aim of the current work is to underline the capabilities of PSI technique for the monitoring of high-priority infrastructure in the framework of "PROION" project. The project is co-financed by the European Union and the Hellenic government and its main objective is the systematic monitoring of national infrastructure in Western Greece using remote sensing data, in situ measurements and advanced soft computing methods. In light of SAR interferometry, an innovative type of corner reflector was designed and manufactured. These newlydeveloped corner reflectors are described in details along with their installation in the specified observation sites. Since PSI technique requires the generation of large time-series datasets, along with the need of a better understanding of the possible infrastructure motion, we obtained archived PSI measurements derived from the European Ground Motion Service. The specific data are offered free of charge through the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. At this point, archived PSI measurements over the observation sites of PROION project, covering a time span of five years, were analyzed and interpret in order to understand the ongoing deformation processes.

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Section: Corner Reflector Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trihedral is classified into four subcategories based on its shape: square, cubic, circular and triangular. It has been proven that the triangular trihedral type was used in the majority of case studies, due to its structural stability, ease of installation, and lower manufacturing costs [31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Corner Reflector Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of archived measurements within PROION project

Kyriou,

Nikolakopoulos,

Ganas

et al. 2023

Ninth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2023)

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“…According to the literature [10][11][12], numerous factors must be considered when choosing a potential site for installation with one primary objective: ensuring that the reflector is more visible than the surrounding backscattered surface (clutter). The specific locations of the six permanent sites were thoughtfully selected using a semi-automatic, multi-criteria GIS-based methodology developed by the CUT Laboratory of Geodesy which is described in [6]. A representative example of the collocation can be seen in Figure 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Advanced Quality Assessment and Monitoring of ESA Sentinel-1 SAR Products via the CyCLOPS Infrastructure in the Southeastern Mediterranean Region

Kakoullis,

Fotiou,

Ibarrola Subiza

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The Cyprus Continuously Operating Natural Hazards Monitoring and Prevention System, abbreviated CyCLOPS, is a national strategic research infrastructure devoted to systematically studying geohazards in Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa (EMMENA) region. Amongst others, CyCLOPS comprises six permanent sites, each housing a Tier-1 GNSS reference station co-located with two calibration-grade corner reflectors (CRs). The latter are strategically positioned to account for both the ascending and descending tracks of SAR satellite missions, including the ESA’s Sentinel-1. As of June 2021, CyCLOPS has reached full operational capacity and plays a crucial role in monitoring the geodynamic regime within the southeastern Mediterranean area. Additionally, it actively tracks landslides occurring in the western part of Cyprus. Although CyCLOPS primarily concentrates on geohazard monitoring, its infrastructure is also configured to facilitate the radiometric calibration and geometric validation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. Consequently, this study evaluates the performance of Sentinel-1A SAR by exploiting the CyCLOPS network to determine key parameters including spatial resolution, sidelobe levels, Radar Cross-Section (RCS), Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR), phase stability, and localization accuracy, through Point Target Analysis (PTA). The findings reveal the effectiveness of the CyCLOPS infrastructure to maintain high-quality radiometric parameters in SAR imagery, with consistent spatial resolution, controlled sidelobe levels, and reliable RCS and SCR values that closely adhere to theoretical expectations. With over two years of operational data, these findings enhance the understanding of Sentinel-1 SAR product quality and affirm CyCLOPS infrastructure’s reliability.

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“…2 Site Locations of the Permanent Segment. Green triangles indicate the reference stations(Kakoullis et al 2022)…”

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confidence: 99%

CyCLOPS: A National Integrated GNSS/InSAR Strategic Research Infrastructure for Monitoring Geohazards and Forming the Next Generation Datum of the Republic of Cyprus

Danezis

Kakoullis

Fotiou

et al. 2022

International Association of Geodesy Symposia

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The objective of this paper is to introduce CyCLOPS, a novel strategic research infrastructure unit, and present its current progress of implementation, and integration in the National geodetic, geophysical and geotechnical infrastructure of the government-controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus. CyCLOPS is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research and Innovation Foundation under the grant agreement RIF/INFRASTRUCTURES/1216/0050. CyCLOPS is developed via the collaboration of the Cyprus University of Technology (CUT) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), and supported by the Cyprus Geological Survey Department and the Department of Lands and Surveys. The main objective of CyCLOPS is to establish an integrated infrastructure for space-based monitoring of geohazards using the most prominent earth observation technologies (EO), such as GNSS and InSAR. Furthermore, the infrastructure will densify and form the backbone for the definition of the next generation national datum of the Republic of Cyprus. Eleven Tier-1/2 state-of-the-art GNSS CORS, precise weather stations, tiltmeters and specifically designed InSAR triangular trihedral corner reflectors will be deployed, in a collocated fashion, at selected locations throughout the government-controlled areas of Cyprus. The collocated configuration will be established and installed to be compliant with the most stringent CORS monumentation specifications, support all current GNSS constellations and SAR missions. Finally, one of CyCLOPS’ fundamental aims is to actively contribute to the on-going efforts and growing demand for more precise positioning services and high-quality modern reference frames, in conformity with the recommendations of the UN-GGIM (and its Subcommittee of Geodesy) to establish and enhance national geodetic infrastructures to support the sustainable management of geospatial information on the changing Earth.

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Considerations and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for the Installation of Collocated Permanent GNSS and SAR Infrastructures for Continuous Space-Based Monitoring of Natural Hazards

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Interpretation of archived measurements within PROION project

Interpretation of archived measurements within PROION project

An Advanced Quality Assessment and Monitoring of ESA Sentinel-1 SAR Products via the CyCLOPS Infrastructure in the Southeastern Mediterranean Region

CyCLOPS: A National Integrated GNSS/InSAR Strategic Research Infrastructure for Monitoring Geohazards and Forming the Next Generation Datum of the Republic of Cyprus

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