Considerations about the influence of the structural and electrochemical properties of carbonaceous materials on the behavior of lithium-ion capacitors

Schroeder, M.; Menne, Sebastian; Ségalini, Julie; Saurel, Damien; Casas‐Cabañas, Montse; Passerini, Stefano; Winter, Martin; Balducci, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.024

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…34,35 For the graphite samples, Fig. 10a, potentials for all the four electrode types quickly fall below ∼0.6 V vs. Li/Li + and then show sloping profiles from 0.6 to 0.2 V vs. Li/Li + .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Investigation of Pre-lithiation in Graphite and Hard-Carbon Anodes Using Different Lithium Source Structures

Shellikeri

Watson

Adams

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

120

113

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Energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors, have become indispensable in portable devices and electric vehicles. But, the carbon anodes used in these devices, exhibit a significant loss in their initial capacity (graphite: 6.6% and hard carbon: 29.8%) due to the consumption of Li ions from electrolyte during solid electrolyte interface layer formation and other non-reversible reactions, and if unaddressed, can potentially diminish this advantage. Pre-lithiation treatment of carbon anodes can mitigate this loss, apart from improving the cell working potential, hence enhancing cell energy density and cyclability. We investigate in this report a direct-contact lithiation process in graphite and hard carbon anodes using four distinct lithium source structures. The results show that the type of Li-source structure employed for anode pre-lithiation can have a major impact on the electrode physical properties, pre-lithiation times and the pre-lithiation anode potentials achieved, potentially effecting the SEI properties, cycle life, and the electrode processing costs. for their reversible characteristic, where a guest ion (e.g. Li-ion) can be reversibly intercalated and de-intercalated into the host carbon material. On the other hand, the host carbon anode materials when in contact with organic electrolytes (Li salt in organic solvents), form an electronically passivating solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer 3 on their surface by the reduction of electrolyte. This ensures the longterm stability of the device by passivating the carbon anode surface by preventing further reduction of the electrolyte on the anode surface. This SEI layer is ionically conductive enough to provide Li-ion pathways passing through it for further intercalation into the bulk of anode after de-solvating them, therefore preventing the co-intercalation of solvent molecules into the carbon structure. Although, the formation of SEI layer is necessary and beneficial, nevertheless, it consumes the Li-ions from the electrolyte, depleting it of charge carriers. This is the initial irreversible cycle loss 4 and if not compensated for, then it can drastically affect the efficiency and cyclability of the energy storage device. 5 The initial cycle loss can be mitigated by supplying additional Li-ions from Li reservoirs and this process is generally known as pre-lithiation. Apart from mitigating the initial cycle loss, pre-lithiation also improves the working potential of the device by providing a lower redox potential to the carbon anode, hence raising the overall cell potential, which further results into higher cell energy density, cycle stability and reduced electrode resistance. 2,6 Moreover, due to the pre-lithiation process, the anion-cation concentration in the electrolyte remains mostly stable during cycling, hence maintaining a steady electrolyte conductivity, which is crucial for cell efficiency and cyclability.Pre-lithiation can be achieved through several methods, 7 including electrochemically driven lithiation, 8 lithiation usi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Investigation of Pre-lithiation in Graphite and Hard-Carbon Anodes Using Different Lithium Source Structures

Shellikeri

Watson

Adams

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

120

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the energy density of electric double-layer capacitors is still significantly smaller than the one provided by LIBs [142][143][144][145]. For this reason, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have been developed, exhibiting an improved energy density than EDLCs at comparable power characteristics [146][147][148][149]. LICs, are a special form of "hybrid capacitors," i.e., a combination of a supercapacitor electrode and a battery electrode in one device, i.e., both storage mechanisms (Li ion insertion/extraction and adsorption/desorption) occur simultaneously during charge/discharge (Figure 15b).…”

Section: Pre-lithiation In Lithium-ion Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In order to meet the sophisticated demands for large-scale applications such as electro-mobility, next generation energy storage technologies require advanced electrode active materials with enhanced gravimetric and volumetric capacities to achieve increased gravimetric energy and volumetric energy densities. However, most of these materials suffer from high 1st cycle active lithium losses, e.g., caused by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which in turn hinder their broad commercial use so far. In general, the loss of active lithium permanently decreases the available energy by the consumption of lithium from the positive electrode material. Pre-lithiation is considered as a highly appealing technique to compensate for active lithium losses and, therefore, to increase the practical energy density. Various pre-lithiation techniques have been evaluated so far, including electrochemical and chemical pre-lithiation, pre-lithiation with the help of additives or the pre-lithiation by direct contact to lithium metal. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive overview about the various concepts for pre lithiation and controversially discuss their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we will critically discuss possible effects on the cell performance and stability and assess the techniques with regard to their possible commercial exploration.

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“…Recently, Puthusseri et al [22] improved the energy density of LICs using polymer-derived porous carbons as cathode; Ren et al [23] utilized pre-lithiated graphene nanosheets as negative electrode materials to achieve high power and energy density LICs; Schroeder et al [24] compared the soft carbon and graphite anode material in the electrochemical performance in LICs, and found that soft carbon represented a promising alternative to graphite especially in the high rates applications. In the LICs energy storage system, anode pre-lithiation is a key process for assembling the LICs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lithium loadings on anode to the voltage drop during charge and discharge of Li-ion capacitors

Cao

Greenleaf

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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h i g h l i g h t sInvestigated the voltage drop from Li-ion capacitors during charge and discharge. Demonstrated the importance of loadings of the stabilized lithium metal powders in Li-ion capacitors. Discussed mechanisms for causing the voltage drop of Li-ion capacitors. a b s t r a c tThe IR voltage drop from the anode and cathode of Li-ion capacitors during charge and discharge was studied. Li-ion capacitors were made with activated carbon cathode and hard carbon anode with different loadings of stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP). It was found that the LICs with high SLMP loadings showed smaller voltage drop than LICs with low SLMP loadings. It was also found that at low SLMP loadings, the IR voltage drops at high cell voltages were smaller than that at low cell voltages; while at high SLMP loadings, small IR voltage drops were obtained for both low and high cell voltages. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that voltage drops are directly related to the internal resistances of Li-ion capacitors.

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Considerations about the influence of the structural and electrochemical properties of carbonaceous materials on the behavior of lithium-ion capacitors

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

Investigation of Pre-lithiation in Graphite and Hard-Carbon Anodes Using Different Lithium Source Structures

Investigation of Pre-lithiation in Graphite and Hard-Carbon Anodes Using Different Lithium Source Structures

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

The effect of lithium loadings on anode to the voltage drop during charge and discharge of Li-ion capacitors

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