Consideration of the gestational carrier: an Ethics Committee opinion

Daar, Judith; Benward, Jean; Collins, Lee; Davis, Joseph; Davis, Owen K.; Francis, Leslie J.; Gates, Elena; Ginsburg, Elizabeth S.; Gitlin, Susan; Klipstein, Sigal; McCullough, Laurence B.; Paulson, Richard J.; Reindollar, Richard H.; Ryan, Ginny L.; Sauer, Mark V.; Tipton, Sean; Westphal, Lynn M.; Zweifel, Julianne E.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.029

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It was also claimed that using PGT for non-medical reasons will lead, on a slippery slope, towards using it to create "designer babies" [85,93]. Some articles discussed the question of SS as an add-on to an ongoing PGT procedure [94,95]. Throughout the period, there is an increasing use of the terms "reproductive autonomy" (16 abstracts) and "family balancing" (12 abstracts) to justify the use of PGT for SS when no social harm is done [96,97].…”

Section: Cluster B (Yellow)-reproductive Autonomy Eugenics and Procre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They surveyed or interviewed patients and carriers about their attitudes, knowledge, awareness, and choices concerning PGT for late-onset diseases [27,118], as well as professionals' views on the matter [119]. Others discussed general ethical issues through reviews or conceptual (critical) analysis, with an emphasis on the severity of the condition, its treatability and the medical complications arising from it, while giving decreasing significance to the age of onset as a criterion for determining ethically acceptable applications [120][121][122][123][124]. Concerning the Huntington disease, mentioned in 8 abstracts, the most common concern is offering carriers the option of non-disclosing PGT.…”

Section: Cluster D (Blue)-attitudes and Knowledge Late-onset Counsell...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)

Alon,

Bussod,

Ravitsky

2024

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) has attracted considerable ethical, legal, and social scrutiny, but academic debate often fails to reflect clinical realities. Methods Addressing this disconnect, a review of 506 articles from 1999 to 2019 across humanities and social sciences was conducted to synthesize the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of PGT. This review mined PubMed, WoS, and Scopus databases, using both MeSH terms and keywords to map out the research terrain. Results The findings reveal a tenfold increase in global research output on PGT’s ELSI from 1999 to 2019, signifying rising interest and concern. Despite heightened theoretical discourse on selecting “optimal” offspring, such practices were scarcely reported in clinical environments. Conversely, critical issues like PGT funding and familial impacts remain underexplored. Notably, 86% of the ELSI literature originates from just 12 countries, pointing to a research concentration. Conclusion This review underscores an urgent need for ELSI research to align more closely with clinical practice, promoting collaborations among ethicists, clinicians, policymakers, and economists. Such efforts are essential for grounding debates in practical relevance, ultimately steering PGT towards ethical integrity, societal acceptance, and equitable access, aiming to harmonize PGT research with real-world clinical concerns, enhancing the relevance and impact of future ethical discussions.

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Section: Cluster B (Yellow)-reproductive Autonomy Eugenics and Procre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cluster D (Blue)-attitudes and Knowledge Late-onset Counsell...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)

Alon,

Bussod,

Ravitsky

2024

J Assist Reprod Genet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 92 93 On the other hand, the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) compares gestational surrogacy to medical research, in which individuals are paid for activities demanding time, stress, physical effort and risk, so they consider financial compensation for surrogacy ethically justifiable. 4 Likewise, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) affirms that compensation is ethical and appropriate for the time, effort and risks taken by a gestational carrier. 94…”

Section: Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This modality has progressively been abandoned and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) clearly recommends against it. 4 On the other hand, in gestational surrogacy, also called treatment with a gestational carrier (GC), both gametes are provided by other people, so the surrogate woman has no genetic links with the child. 5 Nomenclature regarding this matter may be somewhat misleading – some also call this last modality “partial” (and traditional would be total surrogacy) since the carrier is only providing the womb, while others call it “total” because the embryo is completely genetically unrelated to the carrier (and traditional would be partial surrogacy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Surrogacy: An Overview

Brandão

Garrido

2022

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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Objective Surrogacy is the process in which a woman carries and delivers a baby to other person or couple, known as intended parents. When carriers are paid for surrogacy, this is known as commercial surrogacy. The objective of the present work is to review the legal, ethical, social, and cultural aspects of commercial surrogacy, as well as the current panorama worldwide. Methods This is a review of the literature published in the 21st century on commercial surrogacy. Results A total of 248 articles were included as the core of the present review. The demand for surrogate treatments by women without uterus or with important uterine disorders, single men and same-sex male couples is constantly increasing worldwide. This reproductive treatment has important ethical dilemmas. In addition, legislation defers widely worldwide and is in constant change. Therefore, patients look more and more for treatments abroad, which can lead to important legal problems between countries with different laws. Commercial surrogacy is practiced in several countries, in most of which there is no specific legislation. Some countries have taken restrictive measures against this technique because of reports of exploitation of carriers. Conclusion Commercial surrogacy is a common practice, despite important ethical and legal dilemmas. As a consequence of diverse national legislations, patients frequently resort to international commercial surrogacy programs. As of today, there is no standard international legal context, and this practice remains largely unregulated.

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“…ASRM has issued ethics and practice committee guidelines for GCs that include recommendations for the psychological consideration of a GC’s own family [ 6 ]. In a study investigating the impact of COVID-19 on family life, common themes reported by parents included concerns about the effect of COVID-19 on their children, health concerns for others, the stresses of the balancing act of parent life, assisting with children’s school work, and working from home [ 7 ].…”

Section: Psychological Impact Of Covid-19 On the Gc Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gestational carriers

Romanello

Sun

Hill

et al. 2022

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Reproductive medicine has been significantly impacted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and this includes the gestational carrier (GC) process. The objectives of this commentary are to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the GC process, as well to communicate Shady Grove Fertility’s considerations of and response to COVID-19 on the GC process to the larger assisted reproductive technology (ART) community. We also gathered conclusions drawn from available data on the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as on counseling patients on vaccination. We compiled proposals to mitigate risk and to maximize safe evaluation and treatment for GCs during the ongoing pandemic. Over 2 years after the onset of the pandemic, the multiple resurgences of cases in the USA have necessitated nimble strategies to provide ongoing and safe reproductive care and have posed unique challenges to the GC process. With the prospect of the virus continuing to spread globally well into the future, as healthcare professionals of the ART community, we will need to ensure effective collaboration and communication as we provide care during the ongoing pandemic.

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Consideration of the gestational carrier: an Ethics Committee opinion

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Mapping ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)

Mapping ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)

Commercial Surrogacy: An Overview

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gestational carriers

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