Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID‐19 and Public Health

Anderson, Elizabeth; Turnham, Paul; Griffin, John R.; Clarke, Chester C.

doi:10.1111/risa.13500

Cited by 405 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 has been proven to be transmitted through the respiratory tract, mucosal surfaces (such as conjunctiva) and even gastrointestinal system [10,14]. With the main mode of disease transmission being respiratory droplets [15], virus particle spread from aerosol, air droplet, hands contaminations, fomites and other objects too [8].The cardinal route of transmission via aerosol exhaled by asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals during the act of breathing and speaking is well documented [16][17][18][19] and cases of familial transmission through asymptomatic patients have been reported from different countries [16,[20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic people with SARS-CoV-2 as unseen carriers of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Syangtan

Bista

Dawadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 can act as an unseen carrier for magnifying the transmission of COVID-19. Aims This study was designed to appraise the burden of asymptomatic individuals and estimate their occurrence among different age groups and gender by reviewing the existing published data on asymptomatic people with COVID-19. Methods Three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (WoS) were used to search studies as per the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the search was limited to English language. The study population of this review includes asymptomatic individuals infected by COVID-19. All original articles which have reported cases of the COVID-19 patients with no symptoms until 31 April 2020 were included in the study. Random effects model was applied to analyze pooled data on the prevalence of symptomless cases among total COVID-19 infected patients and also on different age groups and gender. Results In the meta-analysis of 16 studies, comprising 2,788 COVID-19 infected patients, the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic cases was 48.2% (95% CI, 30%-67%). Among the asymptomatic patients, 55.5% (95% CI, 43.6%-66.8%) were female and 49.6% (95% CI, 20.5%-79.1%) were children. Conclusion About half of the COVID-19 infected patients were asymptomatic cases. Children and females were more apparent to be asymptomatic patient of COVID-19 and could act as unseen carrier of SARS-CoV-2. Symptom based screening only, might fail to identify all SARS-CoV-2 infections escalating the threat of global spread of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, mass surveillance system tracking asymptomatic cases is a pressing need of public health, paying special attention to female and young children, which could aid in prevention and containment of this unprecedented pandemic.

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confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic people with SARS-CoV-2 as unseen carriers of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Syangtan

Bista

Dawadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The aerosol to mean the small respirable particles <5-10µm that can remain airborne and are capable of short and long-range transport. [23][24][25] Morawska, et.al studies that normal breathing and talking result in size distributions of droplets with the majority, 80-90%, in the <1 µm range. [26] In the United States, the likelihood of an airborne aerosol form of active SARS-CoV-2 was the Skagit Valley Chorale rehearsal in Mount Vernon, Washington, that took place on March 10, implying the forceful breathing action of singing may have increased dispersion of the virus at the church.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a Mid-size City of China

Zhao

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: An outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and then to other city. It is very urgent to delineate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these affected patients. Methods: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19, we describe a case series of 459 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in WZ of China from January 27 to February 12, 2020.Results: The median age of all patients was 48.0 years, and 46.8% were females. 37.5% of patients had a history of residence in Wuhan. Fever (72.1%) and cough (43.6%) were the most frequent symptoms. In addition, three kinds of unconventional cases were observed, in which included 4.4% confirmed virus carrier who were asymptomatic, 7.8% confirmed patients who had no link to Wuhan city but contact with individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms at the time of contact, and 10.7% confirmed patients who had no link to Wuhan city nor a history of intimate contact with patients or individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings presented the possibility of asymptomatic carriers affected with SARS-CoV-2, and this phenomenon suggested that chances of uncontrollable transmission in the larger population might be higher than formerly estimated, and transmission by these three kinds of unconventional patients in WZ may be one of the characteristics of infection in other Chinese cities outside the Wuhan epidemic area.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 was widely detectly on object surfaces, implying a potentially high infection risk spread via fomites. Aerosol is the small respirable particles < 5-10 µm that can remain airborne and are capable of short and long-range transport [37][38][39]. Long-range aerosol transport was indicated as the cause of the spread of the disease in several studies [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a Mid-size City of China

Zhao

Lun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: An outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and then spread to other cities. It is very urgent to delineate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these affected patients. Methods: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19, we describe a case series of 473 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wenzhou of China from January 27 to March 2, 2020.Results: The median age of all patients was 47.6 years, 48.4% of which were female. 33.8% of the patients had a history of residence in Wuhan. Fever (71.7%) and cough (43.1%) were the most common symptoms. In addition, three kinds of unconventional cases were observed, namely 4.9% asymptomatic patients, 7.6% confirmed patients who had no link to Wuhan city but contact with individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms at the time of contact, and 12.9% confirmed patients who had an unknown source of transmission. We estimated that the basic reproductive number (R0) was 2.75 (95%CI: 2.37-3.23). The effective reproduction number (Rt) fluctuated within the range of 2.50 to 3.74 from January 11 to January 16 while gradually reached the peak of 3.74 on January 16. Rt gradually decreased after January 16 and decreased to 1.00 on January 30. Rt continually decreased and reached the lowest point (0.03) on February 21, 2020.Conclusion: Our findings presented the possibility of asymptomatic carriers affected with SARS-CoV-2, and this phenomenon suggested that chances of uncontrollable transmission in the larger population might be higher than formerly estimated, and transmission by these three kinds of unconventional patients in Wenzhou may be an important characteristic of infection in other mid-sized cities in the world. This study evaluated the epidemic characteristics of Wenzhou after having cases imported from Hubei Province and the effects after adopting a series of strict prevention and control strategy.

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Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID‐19 and Public Health

Cited by 405 publications

References 25 publications

Asymptomatic people with SARS-CoV-2 as unseen carriers of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Asymptomatic people with SARS-CoV-2 as unseen carriers of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a Mid-size City of China

Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a Mid-size City of China

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