Consideration of marginal electricity in real-time minimization of distributed data centre emissions

Dandres, Thomas; Moghaddam, Reza Farrahi; Nguyen, Kim Khoa; Lemieux, Yves; Samson, Réjean; Cheriet, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.143

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This result is also observed for other environmental indicators with a similar increase in impacts. These findings are in line with previous GSTC technology assessments in other contexts [29,33,36,[40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Inventorysupporting

confidence: 92%

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Applications and Challenges of Life Cycle Assessment in the Context of a Green Sustainable Telco Cloud

et al. 2016

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Abstract. An LCA was conducted on a novel Telco-grade cloud technology. Server cloudification has been found to significantly reduce the environmental life cycle impacts as compared to a non-cloud situation. Improving service quality is possible without drastically increasing the life cycle impacts as compared to the non-cloud situation. In this LCA, a novel methodology was used to model electricity flows during ICT use to better reflect the temporal variation in electricity generation by utilities and electricity consumption by ICT. Nevertheless, numerous methodological challenges remain unresolved and more research is required to improve the LCA methodological framework for ICT.

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Section: Inventorysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, since the smart management of ICT causes changes in local power demand, the marginal sources of electricity affected by these changes should also be considered. A predictive method based on historical electricity generation data was developed for this purpose and is recommended for the real-time optimization of ICT [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and Challenges of Life Cycle Assessment in the Context of a Green Sustainable Telco Cloud

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, Cloud data centers are required to provide a high level of availability to their customers, and consequently, some parts of the workload cannot be reshaped or postponed [1]. Smart Grids can bring flexibility in the electricity sources [24] and management [4] for distributed Clouds. But, to the best of our knowledge, no previous work has studied their potential to share renewable energy between the Cloud sites and thus, to increase the overall selfconsumption of the infrastructure.…”

Section: Related Work On Energy Savings In Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major Cloud actors like Amazon AWS, Apple or Microsoft are involved in projects to build solar power facilities [3]. Yet, this intermittent and variable electricity production is often uncorrelated with the Cloud consumption induced by its workload [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Consumption Optimization of Renewable Energy Production in Distributed Clouds

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Blavette

Dufossé

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)

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The growing appetite of new technologies, such as Internet-of-Things, for Cloud resources leads to an unprecedented energy consumption for these infrastructures. In order to make these energy-hungry distributed systems more sustainable, Cloud providers resort more and more to on-site renewable energy production facilities like photovoltaic panels. Yet, this intermittent and variable electricity production is often uncorrelated with the Cloud consumption induced by its workload. Geographical load balancing, virtual machine (VM) migration and consolidation can be used to exploit multiple Cloud data centers' locations and their associated photovoltaic panels for increasing their renewable energy consumption. However, these techniques cost energy and network bandwidth, and this limits their utilization. In this paper, we propose to rely on the flexibility brought by Smart Grids to exchange renewable energy between distributed sites and thus, to further increase the overall Cloud's self-consumption of the locally-produced renewable energy. Our solution is named SCORPIUS: Self-Consumption Optimization of Renewable energy Production In distribUted cloudS. It takes into account telecommunication network constraints and electrical grid requirements to optimize the Cloud's self-consumption by trading-off between VM migration and renewable energy exchange. Our simulation-based results show that SCORPIUS outperforms existing solutions on various workload traces of production Clouds in terms of both renewable self-consumption and overall energy consumption.

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“…ICT are responsible for roughly 10% of worldwide power consumption and 13-15% of this consumption is due to data centers [8][9][10][11]. It is expected that this consumption will only grow in the near future, thus challenging sustainability goals [12]. In a study where projections up to 2030 are made, data centers could consume, in the best case scenario 3% and in the worst case scenario 13% of the worldwide electricity production [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Parametric Numerical Study of the Airflow and Thermal Performance in a Real Data Center for Improving Sustainability

et al. 2019

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In recent years, reducing energy consumption has been relentlessly pursued by researchers and policy makers with the purpose of achieving a more sustainable future. The demand for data storage in data centers has been steadily increasing, leading to an increase in size and therefore to consume more energy. Consequently, the reduction of the energy consumption of data center rooms is required and it is with this perspective that this paper is proposed. By using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), it is possible to model a three-dimensional model of the heat transfer and air flow in data centers, which allows forecasting the air speed and temperature range under diverse conditions of operation. In this paper, a CFD study of the thermal performance and airflow in a real data center processing room with 208 racks under different thermal loads and airflow velocities is proposed. The physical-mathematical model relies on the equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation. The fluid in this study is air and it is modeled as an ideal gas with constant properties. The model of the effect of turbulence is made by employing a k-ε standard model. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce the thermal load of the server racks by improving the thermal performance and airflow of the data center room, without affecting the correct operation of the server racks located in the sensible regions of the room. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3850 2 of 30 the world host on their servers organizations with databases, every Internet website, and cloud services. Data centers are consuming more and more electricity worldwide [4][5][6]. In 2012, the entire consumption of data centers was assessed to be near 270 TWh [7]. ICT are responsible for roughly 10% of worldwide power consumption and 13-15% of this consumption is due to data centers [8][9][10][11]. It is expected that this consumption will only grow in the near future, thus challenging sustainability goals [12]. In a study where projections up to 2030 are made, data centers could consume, in the best case scenario 3% and in the worst case scenario 13% of the worldwide electricity production [13]. The main factor of such a high level of energy use is the consumption of air conditioning systems, which, given the type of ICT equipment, could account for 24-60% of the entire data center's energy consumption [14].Data centers are required to follow rigorous technical specifications with the purpose of guaranteeing their optimal operation and security, and engineers need to sure that the ICT equipment should operate without experiencing any loss of performance or interruption. Thus, thermal engineers have a crucial importance in the design of data centers. The reason is that data centers generate a high quantity of heat and need to be refrigerated in order to avert any loss of performance or failures, thus signifying that the power consumption is high [15].Data center rooms are comprised of racks hosting servers with distinct configurations and distinct capacities. To keep the productiv...

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Consideration of marginal electricity in real-time minimization of distributed data centre emissions

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Applications and Challenges of Life Cycle Assessment in the Context of a Green Sustainable Telco Cloud

Applications and Challenges of Life Cycle Assessment in the Context of a Green Sustainable Telco Cloud

Self-Consumption Optimization of Renewable Energy Production in Distributed Clouds

A Parametric Numerical Study of the Airflow and Thermal Performance in a Real Data Center for Improving Sustainability

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