Conserved sequences in both coding and 5′ flanking regions of mammalian opal suppressor tRNA genes

Pratt, K; Eden, Francine C.; You, K H; O'Neill, V A; Hatfield, Dolph L.

doi:10.1093/nar/13.13.4765

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These studies provide evidence that tRNA [ser]sec has a twofold function of serving as a carrier molecule upon which selenocysteine is synthesized and as a direct donor of selenocysteine to protein (e.g., glutathione peroxidase) in response to specific UGA codons (18). The gene encoding tRNA[SerlSec occurs in single copy in human (22,27), rabbit (28), and chicken (11) genomes, and its expression is controlled by multiple 5' extragenic regulatory elements (17). Transcription of this unique tRNA begins at the first nucleotide within the gene (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec gene is ubiquitous within the animal kingdom.

Lee¹,

Rajagopalan²,

Kim³

et al. 1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Recently, a mammalian tRNA which was previously designated as an opal suppressor seryl-tRNA and phosphoseryl-tRNA was shown to be a selenocysteyl-tRNA (B. J. Lee, P. J. Worland, J. N. Davis, T. C. Stadtman, and D. Hatfield, J. Biol. Chem. 264:9724-9727, 1989). Hence, this tRNA is now designated as selenocysteyl-tRNA[ISrlsJ, and its function is twofold, to serve as (i) a carrier molecule upon which selenocysteine is biosynthesized and (ii) as a donor of selenocysteine, which is the 21st naturally occurring amino acid of protein, to the nascent polypeptide chain in response to specffic UGA codons. In the present study, the selenocysteine tRNA gene was sequenced from Xenopus laevis, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. The tRNA product of this gene was also identified within the seryl-tRNA population of a number of higher and lower animals, and the human tRNA FSerlsJ gene was used as a probe to identify homologous sequences within genomic DNAs of organisms throughout the animal kingdom. The studies showed that the tRNA[SerJSec gene has undergone evolutionary change and that it is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom.Further, we conclude that selenocysteine-containing proteins, as well as the use of UGA as a codon for selenocysteine, are far more widespread in nature than previously thought.

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“…We have previously shown that the human (22,27), rabbit (28), and chicken (11) tRNA [Ser]sec genes occur in single copy within their respective genomes. The tRNA[ser]sec gene copy number was examined within the genomic DNA of X. laevis, D. melanogaster, and C. elegans (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec gene is ubiquitous within the animal kingdom.

Lee¹,

Rajagopalan²,

Kim³

et al. 1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…In fact, two opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNAs that arise from a single gene (9)(10)(11) have been identified (7). These isoacceptors manifest several distinctive characteristics that set them apart from all other eukaryotic tRNAs.…”

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“…(v) They contain an extra unpaired nucleotide within the stem of loop IV (6)(7)(8). (vi) They differ in their primary sequences by several pyrimidine transitions including one in the wobble position of their anticodons (7), and these transitions must occur post-transcriptionally since both species are encoded by the same gene (9)(10)(11)(12). (vii) They are phosphorylated on their serine moiety by a kinase to form phosphoseryl-tRNA (7,13).…”

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“…(vii) They are phosphorylated on their serine moiety by a kinase to form phosphoseryl-tRNA (7,13). The genes corresponding to the human (10), rabbit (11), chicken (9), and Xenopus (unpublished results) opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNAs have been isolated and sequenced. The human and rabbit genes are identical in sequence and differ from those of Xenopus and chicken by a single pyrimidine transition at position 11.…”

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Unique pathway of expression of an opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNA.

Lee¹,

Peña²,

Tobian³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNA gene is present in single copy in the genomes of higher vertebrates. We have shown that the product of this gene functions as a suppressor in an in vitro assay, and we have proposed that it may donate a modified amino acid directly to protein in response to specific UGA codons. In this report, we show through in vitro and in vivo studies that the human and Xenopus opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNAs are synthesized by a pathway that is, to the best of our knowledge, unlike that of any known eukaryotic tRNA. The primary transcript of this gene does not contain a 5'-leader sequence; and, therefore, transcription of this suppressor is initiated at the first nucleotide within the coding sequence. The 5'-terminal triphosphate, present on the primary transcript, remains intact through 3'-terminal maturation and through subsequent transport of the tRNA to the cytoplasm. The unique biosynthetic pathway of this opal suppressor may underlie its distinctive role in eukaryotic cells.

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Transcription of the Xenopus laevis selenocysteine tRNA(Ser)Sec gene: a system that combines an internal B box and upstream elements also found in U6 snRNA genes.

Carbon

Krol

1991

The EMBO Journal

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The transcription mode of the Xenopus tRNA(Ser)Sec gene by RNA polymerase III was deciphered by injection of mutant templates into Xenopus oocyte nuclei. tRNA(Ser)Sec represents the paradigm of a new class of RNA polymerase III genes combining tRNA and U snRNA gene regulatory elements. Its promoter is tripartite, constituted by two upstream elements, a PSE and a TATA motif that are interchangeable with those of U6 snRNA genes and an internal box B as in other tRNAs. The B box enables the transcription level dependent on the upstream promoter to be increased. Data obtained indicate that U1 snRNA (Pol II) and tRNA(Ser)Sec (Pol III) genes share at least one transcription factor, implying that the border between transcription systems is less tight than expected.

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Conserved sequences in both coding and 5′ flanking regions of mammalian opal suppressor tRNA genes

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec gene is ubiquitous within the animal kingdom.

Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec gene is ubiquitous within the animal kingdom.

Unique pathway of expression of an opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNA.

Transcription of the Xenopus laevis selenocysteine tRNA(Ser)Sec gene: a system that combines an internal B box and upstream elements also found in U6 snRNA genes.

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