Conserved requirement for a plant host cell protein in powdery mildew pathogenesis

Consonni, Chiara; Humphry, Matt; Hartmann, H. Andreas; Livaja, M.; Durner, Jörg; Westphal, Lore; Vogel, John P.; Lipka, Volker; Kemmerling, Birgit; Schulze‐Lefert, Paul; Somerville, Shauna; Panstruga, Ralph

doi:10.1038/ng1806

Cited by 441 publications

(625 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Two subsequent gain-of-function mutations in Lr34sus-D gave rise to the resistant Lr34res-D allele. Spontaneous emergence of disease resistance has been described for mlo genes in barley, Arabidopsis, tomato and pea (Bai et al 2008;Consonni et al 2006;Humphry et al 2011;Piffanelli et al 2004). Several induced and natural loss-of-function mutations in Mlo genes in these species conferred recessive, durable and broad-spectrum resistance against powdery mildews.…”

Section: Evolution Of Lr34 Resistance In Hexaploid Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Krattinger

Jordan

Mace³

et al. 2012

Theor Appl Genet

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Spontaneous sequence changes and the selection of beneficial mutations are driving forces of gene diversification and key factors of evolution. In highly dynamic co-evolutionary processes such as plant-pathogen interactions, the plant's ability to rapidly adapt to newly emerging pathogens is paramount. The hexaploid wheat gene Lr34, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, confers durable field resistance against four fungal diseases. Despite its extensive use in breeding and agriculture, no increase in virulence towards Lr34 has been described over the last century. The wheat genepool contains two predominant Lr34 alleles of which only one confers disease resistance. The two alleles, located on chromosome 7DS, differ by only two exon-polymorphisms. Putatively functional homoeologs and orthologs of Lr34 are found on the B-genome of wheat and in rice and sorghum, but not in maize, barley and Brachypodium. In this study we present a detailed haplotype analysis of homoeologous and orthologous Lr34 genes in genetically and geographically diverse selections of wheat, rice and sorghum accessions. We found that the resistant Lr34 haplotype is unique to the wheat D-genome and is not found in the B-genome of wheat or in rice and sorghum. Furthermore, we only found the susceptible Lr34 allele in a set of 252 Ae. tauschii genotypes, the progenitor of the wheat D-genome. These data provide compelling evidence that the Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance is the result of recent gene diversification occurring after the formation of hexaploid wheat about 8,000 years ago. AbstractSpontaneous sequence changes and the selection of beneficial mutations are driving forces of gene diversification and key factors of evolution. In highly dynamic coevolutionary processes such as plant-pathogen interactions, the plant's ability to rapidly adapt to newly emerging pathogens is paramount. The hexaploid wheat gene Lr34, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, confers durable field resistance against four fungal diseases. Despite its extensive use in breeding and agriculture, no increase in virulence towards Lr34 has been described over the last century. The wheat genepool contains two predominant Lr34 alleles of which only one confers disease resistance. The two alleles, located on chromosome 7DS, differ by only two exon polymorphisms. Putatively functional homoeologs and orthologs of Lr34 are found on the B-genome of wheat and in rice and sorghum, but not in maize, barley and Brachypodium. In this study we present a detailed haplotype analysis of homoeologous and orthologous Lr34 genes in genetically and geographically diverse selections of wheat, rice and sorghum accessions. We found that the resistant Lr34 haplotype is unique to the wheat D-genome and is not found in the B-genome of wheat or in rice and sorghum. Furthermore, we only found the susceptible Lr34 allele in a set of 252 Ae. tauschii genotypes, the progenitor of the wheat D-genome. These data provide compelling evidence that the Lr34 mult...

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Section: Evolution Of Lr34 Resistance In Hexaploid Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Krattinger

Jordan

Mace³

et al. 2012

Theor Appl Genet

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“…The NPR1 gene was successfully used in several plant species like Arabidopsis (Cao et al 1998), rice (Chern et al 2001), tomato (Ekengren et al 2003), and wheat (Makandar et al 2006). Similarly, the mlo gene functions in barley (Peterhänsel and Lahaye 2005), tomato (Bai et al 2008), and Arabidopsis (Consonni et al 2006). These observations are critical for biotechnology approaches since they suggest that one gene from one species can provide an interesting trait in another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance

Delteil

Zhang²,

Lessard³

et al. 2010

Rice

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Diseases caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are responsible for considerable yield loss. Up to now, in rice, the modification of the expression of more than 60 genes from diverse origins has shown beneficial effects with respect to disease resistance. In this paper, we review this large set of data to identify the best genes and strategies to achieve disease resistance by transgenic approaches. Altered expression of genes involved in signal transduction and transcription may lead to many unwanted side effects, like lesion mimic phenotypes. Moreover, modification of resistance to abiotic stress has been neglected and should be carefully examined in the future. Genes like resistance genes and pathogenesis-related genes can confer broad spectrum and high levels of resistance to several pathogens. Preformed expression of defense is often observed but does not necessarily lead to detrimental effects. Although examples of gene pyramiding are scarce, they suggest that this is a very promising strategy. More field evaluation of the transgenic plants is required to draw final conclusions on the usefulness of these genes for improving disease resistance.

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“…The Atmlo2-conferred resistance to Golovinomyces spp. is largely independent of the SA signalling pathway (Consonni et al 2006). However, we found that Atmlo2 resistance to O. neolycopersici is broken by the impairment of SA signalling in Atmlo2/eds5, Atmlo2/npr1, Atmlo2/pad4 and Atmlo2/sid2 double mutants and in the Atmlo2/NahG line, resulting in extremely susceptible phenotypes (Zheng 2012).…”

Section: Comparison Of Pm Resistance In Tomato and Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The resistance conferred by the recessive ol-2 gene is due to the lossof-function of MLO ), a transmembrane protein accumulating at attempted fungal penetration sites in plasma membrane microdomains . In barley, Arabidopsis and tomato, loss-offunction mutation in Mlo homologues results in resistance to different PM species, demonstrating that MLO represents a conserved plant host cell protein required in PM pathogenesis (Consonni et al 2006). In Arabidopsis, mlo-based resistance to Golovinomyces spp.…”

Section: Rna Silencing In Pm Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Absence of AtMlo2 confers partial PM resistance, which is enhanced in Atmlo2 Atmlo6 or Atmlo2 Atmlo12 double mutants. Full resistance requires loss of function of all three co-orthologs; i.e., an Atmlo2 Atmlo6 Atmlo12 triple mutant is completely resistant (Consonni et al 2006). The Atmlo2-conferred resistance to Golovinomyces spp.…”

Section: Comparison Of Pm Resistance In Tomato and Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics and molecular mechanisms of resistance to powdery mildews in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relatives

et al. 2013

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Powdery mildews (PMs) cause disease in a wide range of plant species including important crops. Taking tomato as an example, here we review findings on the genetic basis and mechanisms of plant resistance to PMs. First, we present a summary of our research on tomato resistance to two PM species, with the focus on Oidium neolycopersici. We discuss the genetics of resistance to this pathogen in tomato. Then, we compare different forms of resistance mediated by different resistance genes based on molecular and cytological data. Also, we provide a comparison between these resistance genes in tomato with those in barley, Arabidopsis and wheat, in order to present a model for the genetic basis of resistance to PMs in plants. We try to accommodate these resistance mechanisms in the current model of plant innate immunity. At the end we discuss possibilities to translate these findings to practical approaches in breeding for resistance to PMs in crops.

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Conserved requirement for a plant host cell protein in powdery mildew pathogenesis

Cited by 441 publications

References 30 publications

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance

Genetics and molecular mechanisms of resistance to powdery mildews in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relatives

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