Conserved fungal effector suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity by targeting plant immune kinases

Irieda, Hiroki; Inoue, Yushi; Mori, Masashi; Yamada, Kohji; Oshikawa, Yuu; Saitoh, Hiromasa; Uemura, Aiko; Terauchi, Ryohei; Kitakura, Saeko; Kosaka, Atsuko; Singkaravanit-Ogawa, Suthitar; Takano, Yoshitaka

doi:10.1073/pnas.1807297116

Cited by 148 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Known intracellular functions of fungal effectors involve manipulation of metabolic processes, or of transcriptional regulators (Djamei et al, 2011;Plett et al, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2014;Wessling et al, 2014). Recent evidence has indicated that fungal effectors can repress intracellular PTI signalling as well (Di et al, 2017;Irieda et al, 2019;Navarrete et al, 2019), although it remains to be shown whether this represents a generic strategy for fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The root‐invading pathogen Fusarium oxysporum targets pattern‐triggered immunity using both cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors

et al. 2020

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Plant pathogens use effector proteins to promote host colonisation. The mode of action of effectors from root-invading pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether Fo effectors suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), and whether they enter host cells during infection. Eight candidate effectors of an Arabidopsis-infecting Fo strain were expressed with and without signal peptide for secretion in Nicotiana benthamiana and their effect on flg22-triggered and chitin-triggered reactive oxidative species (ROS) burst was monitored. To detect uptake, effector biotinylation by an intracellular Arabidopsis-produced biotin ligase was examined following root infection. Four effectors suppressed PTI signalling; two acted intracellularly and two apoplastically. Heterologous expression of a PTI-suppressing effector in Arabidopsis enhanced bacterial susceptibility. Consistent with an intracellular activity, host cell uptake of five effectors, but not of the apoplastically acting ones, was detected in Fo-infected Arabidopsis roots. Multiple Fo effectors targeted PTI signalling, uncovering a surprising overlap in infection strategies between foliar and root pathogens. Extracellular targeting of flg22 signalling by a microbial effector provides a new mechanism on how plant pathogens manipulate their host. Effector translocation appears independent of protein size, charge, presence of conserved motifs or the promoter driving its expression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The root‐invading pathogen Fusarium oxysporum targets pattern‐triggered immunity using both cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors

et al. 2020

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“…It is generally accepted that the pathogenic microbes induce host plant responses and inhibit the immune stress-related gene expression (Jones and Dangl, 2006;Irieda et al, 2019). Similarly, as a host, S. sclerotiorum may response to the parasitizing of parasite C. minitans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Transcriptional Response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Induced by the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

et al. 2020

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Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans parasitizes specifically the mycelia or sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a worldwidely spread plant fungal pathogen causing serious diseases on crops. The interaction of C. minitans with S. sclerotiorum remains reciprocal and complex and little is known, especially on the side of the host (S. sclerotiorum). In this study, the early transcriptional response of S. sclerotiorum to the mycoparasitism by C. minitans was explored and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Based on GO ontology, KEGG pathway and fungal categories database, 887 upregulated DEGs were enriched in the growth related function (i.e., rRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, binding and transport), while the 546 down-regulated DEGs were enriched in the stress-related functions (i.e., oxidoreductase, response to stress and heat and the chorismate biosynthetic process). The expression of shikimate pathway and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine involving genes was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, 581 unenriched DEGs were explored in the parasitizing process and were mapped on the Pfam domains of redox enzymes, Alpha/Beta hydrolase, haloacid dehalogenase, and other universal conserved domain containing proteins. Thirty-two DEGs encoding candidate effectors, with 16 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated, were observed with diverse function. SS1G_11912 (encoding SsNEP2) was significantly upregulated and may function in the parasitism. The involving of the shikimate pathway of phenylalanine biosynthesis and effector candidates were discussed. The results provide a basal understand on the interaction of S. sclerotiorum and C. minitans.

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“…Previous studies have predicted several effector proteins in C. protrusum [17] and M. perniciosa [18]. Pathogens may optimize their own effector sets to adapt to hosts [40]. Overall, these fungal effectors in C. dendroides might lead to the adaptation of pathogens with a broad host range to a specific host over time [41].…”

Section: Prediction and Analysis Of Pathogenicity-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Features of Cladobotryum dendroides, Which Causes Cobweb Disease in Edible Mushrooms, and Identification of Genes Related to Pathogenicity and Mycoparasitism

Liu

Peng

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Cladobotryum dendroides, which causes cobweb disease in edible mushrooms, is one of the major fungal pathogens. Our previous studies focused on the genetic and morphological characterization of this fungus, as well as its pathogenicity and the identification of appropriate fungicides. However, little is known about the genome characters, pathogenic genes, and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of C. dendroides. Herein, we reported a high-quality de novo genomic sequence of C. dendroides and compared it with closely-related fungi. The assembled C. dendroides genome was 36.69 Mb, consisting of eight contigs, with an N50 of 4.76 Mb. This genome was similar in size to that of C. protrusum, and shared highly conserved syntenic blocks and a few inversions with C. protrusum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, within the Hypocreaceae, Cladobotryum was closer to Mycogone than to Trichoderma, which is consistent with phenotypic evidence. A significant number of the predicted expanded gene families were strongly associated with pathogenicity, virulence, and adaptation. Our findings will be instrumental for the understanding of fungi–fungi interactions, and for exploring efficient management strategies to control cobweb disease.

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Conserved fungal effector suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity by targeting plant immune kinases

Cited by 148 publications

References 65 publications

The root‐invading pathogen Fusarium oxysporum targets pattern‐triggered immunity using both cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors

The root‐invading pathogen Fusarium oxysporum targets pattern‐triggered immunity using both cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors

Host Transcriptional Response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Induced by the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Genomic Features of Cladobotryum dendroides, Which Causes Cobweb Disease in Edible Mushrooms, and Identification of Genes Related to Pathogenicity and Mycoparasitism

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