Conserved features of non-primate bilaminar disc embryos and the germline

Alberio, Ramiro; Kobayashi, Toshihiro; Surani, M. Azim

doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.011

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…In a rare human gastrulating embryo, hPGCs were found in the epiblast 13 . In some mammalian embryos that develop as bilaminar discs as in humans, PGCs originate in the posterior epiblast 78 , 79 . In the future, comparing the epigenetic profiles of PreME or hPGCLCs with amniotic ectoderm-like cells 80 might help to determine similarities between these cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential enhancer state remodelling defines human germline competence and specification

et al. 2022

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Germline-soma segregation is a fundamental event during mammalian embryonic development. Here, we establish the epigenetic principles of human primordial germ cell (hPGC) development using in vivo hPGCs and stem cell models recapitulating gastrulation. We show that morphogen-induced remodelling of mesendoderm enhancers transiently confers the competence for hPGC fate, but further activation favours mesoderm and endoderm fates. Consistently, reducing the expression of the mesendodermal transcription factor (TF) OTX2 promotes the PGC fate. In hPGCs, SOX17 and TFAP2C initiate activation of enhancers to establish a core germline program, including the transcriptional repressor PRDM1 and pluripotency factors POU5F1 and NANOG. We demonstrate that SOX17 enhancers are the critical components in the regulatory circuitry of germline competence. Furthermore, activation of upstream cis -regulatory elements by an optimised CRISPR activation system is sufficient for hPGC specification. We reveal an enhancer-linked germline TF network that provides the basis for the evolutionary divergence of mammalian germlines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential enhancer state remodelling defines human germline competence and specification

et al. 2022

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“…In livestock embryos, the epiblast undergoes formative transition (Smith, 2017) to generate an epithelial embryonic disc prior to implantation (Alberio et al, 2021;Sheng, 2015). We used pig embryos to access the embryonic disc at the pre-gastrulation spherical blastocyst stage.…”

Section: Derivation Of Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures From Porcine Bilaminar Disc Epiblastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pluripotent stem cells related to embryonic disc exhibit common self-renewal requirements in diverse livestock species

et al. 2021

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Despite four decades of effort, robust propagation of pluripotent stem cells from livestock animals remains challenging. The requirements for self-renewal are unclear and the relationship of cultured stem cells to pluripotent cells resident in the embryo uncertain. Here, we avoided using feeder cells or serum factors to provide a defined culture microenvironment. We show that the combination of activin A, fibroblast growth factor and the Wnt inhibitor XAV939 (AFX) supports establishment and continuous expansion of pluripotent stem cell lines from porcine, ovine and bovine embryos. Germ layer differentiation was evident in teratomas and readily induced in vitro. Global transcriptome analyses highlighted commonality in transcription factor expression across the three species, while global comparison with porcine embryo stages showed proximity to bilaminar disc epiblast. Clonal genetic manipulation and gene targeting were exemplified in porcine stem cells. We further demonstrated that genetically modified AFX stem cells gave rise to cloned porcine foetuses by nuclear transfer. In summary, for major livestock mammals, pluripotent stem cells related to the formative embryonic disc are reliably established using a common and defined signalling environment. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.

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“…In mammals, gametogenesis starts after the primordial germ cells (PGCs) complete the migration process to the gonadal ridge. The PGCs migration window is specific for each mammal species (e.g.,~E8-9.5 days for mice,~E17 days for rabbits,~E15-17 days for pigs,~E25-30 days for cows, and~4 weeks for humans) [72][73][74][75]. During PGC colonization, the gonads are undifferentiated and morphologically similar.…”

Section: The Role Of Fsh In Reproductive Development: Fetal and Neonatal Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions and Roles of FSH in Germinative Cells

Recchia

Jorge

Pessôa

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland in a coordinated hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis event, plays important roles in reproduction and germ cell development during different phases of reproductive development (fetal, neonatal, puberty, and adult life), and is consequently essential for fertility. FSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone of two dissociable subunits, α and β. The FSH β-subunit (FSHβ) function starts upon coupling to its specific receptor: follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). FSHRs are localized mainly on the surface of target cells on the testis and ovary (granulosa and Sertoli cells) and have recently been found in testicular stem cells and extra-gonadal tissue. Several reproduction disorders are associated with absent or low FSH secretion, with mutation of the FSH β-subunit or the FSH receptor, and/or its signaling pathways. However, the influence of FSH on germ cells is still poorly understood; some studies have suggested that this hormone also plays a determinant role in the self-renewal of germinative cells and acts to increase undifferentiated spermatogonia proliferation. In addition, in vitro, together with other factors, it assists the process of differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCLCs) into gametes (oocyte-like and SSCLCs). In this review, we describe relevant research on the influence of FSH on spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis, mainly in the germ cell of humans and other species. The possible roles of FSH in germ cell generation in vitro are also presented.

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Conserved features of non-primate bilaminar disc embryos and the germline

Cited by 21 publications

References 167 publications

Sequential enhancer state remodelling defines human germline competence and specification

Sequential enhancer state remodelling defines human germline competence and specification

Pluripotent stem cells related to embryonic disc exhibit common self-renewal requirements in diverse livestock species

Actions and Roles of FSH in Germinative Cells

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