2020
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6625-x
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Conserved associations between G-quadruplex-forming DNA motifs and virulence gene families in malaria parasites

Abstract: Background: The Plasmodium genus of malaria parasites encodes several families of antigen-encoding genes. These genes tend to be hyper-variable, highly recombinogenic and variantly expressed. The best-characterized family is the var genes, exclusively found in the Laveranian subgenus of malaria parasites infecting humans and great apes. Var genes encode major virulence factors involved in immune evasion and the maintenance of chronic infections. In the human parasite P. falciparum, var gene recombination and d… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, our analyses suggest that G-quadruplexes have been evolutionally eliminated in some genomes of Nidovirales. This is quite surprising, considering that G-quadruplexes have been found in all evolutionary groups, including such CG low-level organisms as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bartas et al, 2019;Brázda et al, 2019;Singh and Lakhanpaul, 2019;Gage and Merrick, 2020). In fact, it could be an evolutionary advantage not to present G-quadruplex in viral genome because a number of cellular proteins interact with G-quadruplexes (Brázda et al, 2014;Mishra et al, 2016) and therefore the presence of G-quadruplex in viral genome could serve as a structure recognized by the innate immune system (Unterholzner et al, 2010;Hároníková et al, 2016;Voter et al, 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, our analyses suggest that G-quadruplexes have been evolutionally eliminated in some genomes of Nidovirales. This is quite surprising, considering that G-quadruplexes have been found in all evolutionary groups, including such CG low-level organisms as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bartas et al, 2019;Brázda et al, 2019;Singh and Lakhanpaul, 2019;Gage and Merrick, 2020). In fact, it could be an evolutionary advantage not to present G-quadruplex in viral genome because a number of cellular proteins interact with G-quadruplexes (Brázda et al, 2014;Mishra et al, 2016) and therefore the presence of G-quadruplex in viral genome could serve as a structure recognized by the innate immune system (Unterholzner et al, 2010;Hároníková et al, 2016;Voter et al, 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PF3D7_0500800 mature parasite-infected erythrocyte surface antigen Other P.fa genes 10 (0) 5 (4) 14 (0) 11 (5) (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved.…”
Section: Agtgctggtggtagtgctggtggtagtgctggtggtagtgctggtggtagtgct S a Gmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is classically formed from four tracts of at least three guanines found in close proximity on the same strand: these are arranged as three or more quartets stacked on top of one another 7 . The requisite guanine density is a rare feature in A/T-biased genomes, but the existence of G-quadruplexes has nevertheless been predicted in the P. falciparum genome by searching for the consensus sequence (G 3 N x ) 4 4,5,8 . Only ~100 PQSs are found outside the inherently-G-rich telomeres: this is approximately one per 300kb of the non-telomeric genome, compared to an average of one per kb in the human genome 9 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In P . falciparum , a species with a particularly AT rich genome, putative quadruplex forming sequences (PQS) are found within VAR genes as well as in telomeric regions [ 11 , 15 , 18 ]. In T .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%