Conserved and variable responses of the gut microbiome to resistant starch type 2

Bendiks, Zachary A.; Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach; Keenan, Michael J.; Marco, Maria L.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.02.009

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…The current analysis found that RS2-enriched wheat was associated with a decrease in alpha diversity and increases in starch-degrading bacteria such as Bifidobacterium as well as increases in Ruminococcus , Roseburia , Faecalibacterium , bacterial genera known to produce butyrate [ 36 ]. Previous studies investigating the effects of RS2 on the gut microbiota have demonstrated similar effects on gut microbiota composition and configuration [ 19 ]. Consumption of regular wheat also increased the relative proportion of Bifidobacterium suggesting that the bifidogenic effects of wheat were greater than the effects of RS2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, we did not observe significant effects of RS2-enriched wheat on taxa such as Prevotella , Eubacterium , and Bacteroides that have been shown to be involved in RS degradation [ 10 , 37 , 38 ]. The decrease in bacterial diversity often observed in response to RS intake is presumably due to the enrichment of specific taxa able to efficiently access and metabolize its starch components and/or the byproducts of fermentation by primary degraders [ 19 ]. Although higher α-diversity is generally thought to be beneficial, this is not always the case if it is also associated with increased gastrointestinal transit time, which is associated with increased proteolysis and circulation of metabolites of proteolytic catabolism [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain bacterial taxa were shown to be involved in the fermentation of and response to RS2 such as Ruminococcus bromii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium rectale, Akkermansia muciniphila, Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides spp. [10,19,20]. These microbes may work in combination to ferment RS (primary degraders) and break it down into more accessible metabolites that can then be consumed by other taxa including butyrate producers [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistant Starch Type 2 from Wheat Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response with Concurrent Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition

et al. 2021

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The majority of research on the physiological effects of dietary resistant starch type 2 (RS2) has focused on sources derived from high-amylose maize. In this study, we conduct a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the effects of RS2 from wheat on glycemic response, an important indicator of metabolic health, and the gut microbiota. Overall, consumption of RS2-enriched wheat rolls for one week resulted in reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses relative to conventional wheat when participants were provided with a standard breakfast meal containing the respective treatment rolls (RS2-enriched or conventional wheat). This was accompanied by an increase in the proportions of bacterial taxa Ruminococcus and Gemmiger in the fecal contents, reflecting the composition in the distal intestine. Additionally, fasting breath hydrogen and methane were increased during RS2-enriched wheat consumption. However, although changes in fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were not significant between control and RS-enriched wheat roll consumption, butyrate and total SCFAs were positively correlated with relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Ruminoccocus, Roseburia, and Barnesiellaceae. These effects show that RS2-enriched wheat consumption results in a reduction in postprandial glycemia, altered gut microbial composition, and increased fermentation activity relative to wild-type wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistant Starch Type 2 from Wheat Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response with Concurrent Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition

et al. 2021

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“…Significant changes in the gut environment were observed as a response to the two different carbohydrate substrates. Although the effects of RS consumption in humans and animal models on the microbiome and metabolome has been examined [ 37 ], less is known about the effects of fructose-rich diets on Göttingen Minipigs metabolome and microbiota. Firstly, although there were diet-specific differences in fecal bacterial species richness and diversity, those differences remained constant throughout the experiment, suggesting that the adaptation to the two carbohydrate sources already had taken place prior to the first sample collection at week 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Related Metabolome and Gut Microbiota Profiles of Juvenile Göttingen Minipigs—Long-Term Intake of Fructose and Resistant Starch

et al. 2020

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The metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in a juvenile Göttingen minipig model. This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. Both diets were fed ad libitum. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to explore plasma, urine, and feces samples over five months. Plasma and fecal short-chain fatty acids were targeted and quantified. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using genomic sequencing. Data analysis was performed using sparse multi-block partial least squares regression. The LR diet increased concentrations of fecal and plasma total short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetate, and there was a higher relative abundance of microbiota associated with acetate production such as Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus. A higher proportion of Firmicutes was measured with the HR diet, together with a lower alpha diversity compared to the LR diet. Irrespective of diet, the ad libitum exposure to the high-energy diets was accompanied by well-known biomarkers associated with obesity and diabetes, particularly branched-chain amino acids, keto acids, and other catabolism metabolites.

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“…RS is known to exert a powerful influence on metabolic and systemic health and has been extensively studied in clinical trials and animal models for evaluating treatment potential [ 162 ]. RS2 has been shown to alter the abundance of at least some intestinal bacterial genera and species, including enrichment of Ruminococcus bromii , Bifidobacterium adolescentis , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and E. rectale and reductions in Oscillospira , Lachnospiraceae , and Blautia [ 163 ]. FOS are found in natural fruits and vegetables and can promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus [ 164 , 165 ].…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Strategies For Ad Targeting the Microbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment

et al. 2020

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Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over the past decade. The broadening of the term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” from “gut-brain axis” underscores a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune pathways which are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Illustration of the mechanisms underlying the regulation by gut microbiota may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of AD. Novel insights into the modification of gut microbiota composition as a preventive or therapeutic approach for AD are highlighted.

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Conserved and variable responses of the gut microbiome to resistant starch type 2

Cited by 75 publications

References 142 publications

Resistant Starch Type 2 from Wheat Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response with Concurrent Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition

Resistant Starch Type 2 from Wheat Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response with Concurrent Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition

Obesity-Related Metabolome and Gut Microbiota Profiles of Juvenile Göttingen Minipigs—Long-Term Intake of Fructose and Resistant Starch

Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment

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