Conserved and divergent expression of T-box genes Tbx2-Tbx5 in Xenopus

Takabatake, Yuka; Tsuruo, Takashi; Takeshima, Kazuhito

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00329-9

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2D). Tbx3 expression has already been reported by Takabatake et al (2000). Comparing hoxa13 and tbx3 expressions, hoxd13 transcription was detected in the putative digit I region.…”

Section: Hoxa13supporting

confidence: 62%

Characterization of Xenopus digits and regenerated limbs of the froglet

Satoh

Endo

Abe

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Xenopus has 4 and 5 digits in a forelimb and hindlimb, respectively. It is thought that their limbs and digits develop in Xenopus by mechanisms that are almost conserved from amphibians to higher vertebrates. This is supported by some molecular evidence. The 5hoxd genes are convenient marker genes for characterizing digits in the chick and mouse. The anteriormost digit is characterized by being hoxd13-positive and hoxd12 (hoxd11)-negative in the chick and mouse. In this study, we revealed that the anteriormost digit of the Xenopus forelimb is hoxd13-positive and hoxd11-positive, that is, a more posterior character than digit I. The order of formation of digit cartilages also suggested that Xenopus forelimb digit identity is II to V, not I to IV. We have also been interested in the relationship between digit identity and shh. The anteriormost digit develops in a shh-independent way. A limb treated with cyclopamine (a shh inhibitor) has a gene expression pattern (hoxd11-negative) similar to that in shh-deficient mice, suggesting that a hindlimb treated with cyclopamine has a digit I character. However, a Xenopus froglet regenerate (spike), which lacks shh expression during its regeneration process, does not have such an expression pattern, being hoxd11-positive. We investigated hoxd11 transcriptions in blastemas that formed in the anteriormost and posteriormost digits, and we found that the blastemas have different hoxd11 expression levels. These findings suggest that the froglet limb blastema does not have a mere digit I character in spite of shh defectiveness and that the froglet limb blastema recognizes its positional differences along the anteriorposterior axis. Developmental Dynamics 235:3316 -3326, 2006.

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“…2D). Tbx3 expression has already been reported by Takabatake et al (2000). Comparing hoxa13 and tbx3 expressions, hoxd13 transcription was detected in the putative digit I region.…”

Section: Hoxa13supporting

confidence: 62%

Characterization of Xenopus digits and regenerated limbs of the froglet

Satoh

Endo

Abe

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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“…For the Dlx3-mo injections, a fluorescein-labeled control morpholino (Genetools) was co-injected and used to identify the injected side in a fluorescence microscope. Antisense DIG-labeled probes (Genius kit, Roche) were synthesized using template cDNA encoding Tbx2 (Hayata et al, 1999;Takabatake et al, 2000), Pax8 (Heller and Brandli, 1999), Otx2 (Pannese et al, 1995), Bmp4 (Jones et al, 1992;Kil and Collazo, 2001), Xwnt3a (Wolda et al, 1993) and Sox9 (Spokony et al, 2002). Whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed as described (Harland, 1991).…”

Section: Lineage Tracing and Whole-mount In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specification of the otic placode depends on Sox9 function inXenopus

et al. 2004

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The vertebrate inner ear develops from a thickening of the embryonic ectoderm, adjacent to the hindbrain, known as the otic placode. All components of the inner ear derive from the embryonic otic placode. Sox proteins form a large class of transcriptional regulators implicated in the control of a variety of developmental processes. One member of this family, Sox9, is expressed in the developing inner ear, but little is known about the early function of Sox9 in this tissue. We report the functional analysis of Sox9 during development of Xenopus inner ear. Sox9 otic expression is initiated shortly after gastrulation in the sensory layer of the ectoderm, in a bilateral patch of cells immediately adjacent to the cranial neural crest. In the otic placode, Sox9 colocalizes with Pax8 one of the earliest gene expressed in response to otic placode inducing signals. Depletion of Sox9 protein in whole embryos using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides causes a dramatic loss of the early otic placode markers Pax8 and Tbx2. Later in embryogenesis, Sox9 morpholino-injected embryos lack a morphologically recognizable otic vesicle and fail to express late otic markers (Tbx2, Bmp4,Otx2 and Wnt3a) that normally exhibit regionalized expression pattern throughout the otocyst. Using a hormone inducible inhibitory mutant of Sox9,we demonstrate that Sox9 function is required for otic placode specification but not for its subsequent patterning. We propose that Sox9 is one of the key regulators of inner ear specification in Xenopus.

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“…Two Tbox family transcription factors, Tbx5 and Tbx4, are expressed in the forelimb and hindlimb buds, respectively (GibsonBrown et al, 1996;Ruvinsky et al, 2000;Simon et al, 1997;Takabatake et al, 2000) (Fig. 2A,B).…”

Section: Lessons From Classical Embryological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger or toe: the molecular basis of limb identity

Logan¹

2003

Development

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Despite their obvious similarities, the forelimbs and hindlimbs of tetrapod vertebrates have evolved distinct structural elements to carry out their discrete functions. Many genes required for limb initiation and patterning are involved in regulatory networks common to both limb-types. Other genes are differentially expressed between forelimb and hindlimb, and have been implicated in the initiation of limb bud outgrowth and the specification of limb-type identity. In this review, I will discuss the current understanding of how genes that control limb identity interact with regulatory networks common to both appendages to produce the fingers of the hand and toes of the foot.

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Conserved and divergent expression of T-box genes Tbx2-Tbx5 in Xenopus

Cited by 78 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of Xenopus digits and regenerated limbs of the froglet

Characterization of Xenopus digits and regenerated limbs of the froglet

Specification of the otic placode depends on Sox9 function inXenopus

Finger or toe: the molecular basis of limb identity

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