Conservative Management of Unusual Keratinising Squamous Metaplasia of the Bladder in a 28-Year-Old Female and Overview of the Literature

Abstract

Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder is rare and is usually associated with urinary tract infections and chronic irritation. It is considered a precancerous condition of squamous cell carcinoma, especially when more than 50% of the bladder surface is affected. Medical treatment cannot eradicate this lesion. When it is limited to a small area of the bladder, transurethral resection is possible. Annual cystoscopy with multiple biopsies as well as annual upper tract imaging is proposed in the follow up of these patients. We present a preliminary 2-year followup report of a keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder in a 28-year-old female patient with no previous risk factors.

DNA damage triggers squamous metaplasia in human lung and mammary cells via mitotic checkpoints

“…SQM is typically associated with tissue irritation, injury, oxidative stress or chronic inflammation in the non-squamous epithelia of the bladder, endocervix or the lung or very rarely, in the mammary gland [ 6 , 18 , 36 , 37 ]. However, the cause-effect relationship of this transdifferentiation phenomenon has not been established.…”