Conservative management is effective in unicystic ameloblastoma occurring from the neonatal period: A case report and a literature review

Unicystic ameloblastoma: Literature review

“…Research suggests that this biomarker is present in 63% in the UA, such mutant gene can be used as a biomarker to detect this pathology through an immunohistochemical technique [2,11,21]. However, three mechanisms have been proposed for its pathogenesis:  Basal cells of the reduced enamel epithelium associated with a developing tooth, remains of Malassez from the Hertwig lamina, heterotopic epithelials in extraoral sites; which undergo an ameloblastic transformation to give genesis to a unicystic cavity [2,4,10,22,23].  It arises as a result of alteration of the epithelium of a Dentigerous Cyst (DC) or other type of odontogenic cyst, in which the neoplastic tissue of the ameloblastic epithelium is preceded by a non-neoplastic stratified squamous epithelial lining [4,17,22].…”

“…However, three mechanisms have been proposed for its pathogenesis:  Basal cells of the reduced enamel epithelium associated with a developing tooth, remains of Malassez from the Hertwig lamina, heterotopic epithelials in extraoral sites; which undergo an ameloblastic transformation to give genesis to a unicystic cavity [2,4,10,22,23].  It arises as a result of alteration of the epithelium of a Dentigerous Cyst (DC) or other type of odontogenic cyst, in which the neoplastic tissue of the ameloblastic epithelium is preceded by a non-neoplastic stratified squamous epithelial lining [4,17,22].  A conventional ameloblastoma undergoes a deformation of its islands with the following fusion of its multiple cysts giving rise to a cystic cavity [22].…”

“…90% of the lesions are located in the posterior region of the jaw, followed by the parasymphysis and in the anterior and posterior areas of the jaw. Most of these lesions are related to DC in patients younger than 30 years; as well as: residual, root, primordial and globulomaxillary cysts [2,4,10,11,17,18,22]. Due to the similar clinical and radiographic characteristics, even in incisional biopsies the results may be inconsistent, it may also happen that the preoperative diagnosis of a dentifying cyst results in a unicystic ameloblastoma; after enucleation and subsequent histopathological analysis [21].…”

“…Ameloblastoma, according to the World Health Organization (O.M.S), is defined as "locally invasive polymorphic neoplasia that commonly has a follicular or plexiform pattern, in a fibrous stroma" [1][2][3]. It is not known exactly what the precursor stimulus of its development is, but it is believed to form from cellular remains from the enamel organ, dental lamina, or from epithelial remains of Malassez originating from the epithelial sheath of Hertwig [4]. The first time this pathology was described was in the study of Robinson and Martinez in 1977, defining it as unicentric, nonfunctional, intermittent growth, of a tumor nature, benign, clinically persistent and of conservative treatment [5,6].…”

“…The UA represents the second most common odontogenic tumor with a 10% prevalence, which affects exclusively the maxillae, presenting predisposition for the posterior region of the jaw. It is described with a benign behavior, but is characterized by being a locally invasive-destructive tumor, with a high rate of recurrence and has an incidence of 0.5 per million inhabitants per year, being more evident in countries from Africa and Asia, has a male predisposition and affects the second and third decade of life [4,[12][13][14][15][16].…”