Conservation‐Withdrawal: A Primary Regulatory Process for Organismic Homeostasis

Engel, George L.; Schmale, Arthur H.

doi:10.1002/9780470719916.ch5

Cited by 133 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Learned helplessness by its current description, fits adaptive behaviors such as conservation-withdrawal (Engel & Schmale, 1972), tonic immobility (Suarez & Gallup 1976;Gallup, 1977), and thanatosis/death feigning (Holmes, 1908). These are all adaptive behaviors that occur in the face of threating, traumatic, or uncontrollable situations that involve passivity, freezing, or just general inaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Studies of learned helplessness in honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica).

Dinges¹,

Varnon²,

Cota³

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

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The current study provides evidence of learned helplessness in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Bees received either avoidable or unavoidable shock during a discriminative compartment restriction task in an automated shuttle box. Decreased avoidance behavior was observed when bees received unavoidable shock prior to avoidable shock tests, conserving a non-preference response pattern. Prior training with avoidable shock created a preference that was conserved when shock was later unavoidable. Length of the training time impacted how pronounced the conserved behavior was in subsequent tests. Unlike existing learned helplessness studies in other animals, no decrease in general activity was observed. These findings identify honey bees as a unique model organism to explore the process of learned helplessness.v

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mentioning

confidence: 93%

Studies of learned helplessness in honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica).

Dinges¹,

Varnon²,

Cota³

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

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show abstract

“…This paper focuses on a central triad of symptoms which are common across many types of low mood, namely anhedonia, fatigue and pessimism. Theorists have argued that, whereas their opposites facilitate novel and risky behavioural projects (Fredrickson, 2001), these symptoms function to reduce risk-taking (Allen and Badcock, 2003;Badcock and Allen, 2007;Engel and Schmale, 1972;Keller and Nesse, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary model of low mood states

Nettle

2009

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t 2 AbstractIt has been suggested that low mood in humans is an adaptive response to unpropitious circumstances, and that the anhedonia, pessimism and fatigue that often accompany it function to minimise risk until circumstances improve. While this is plausible, it would be possible to make the opposite prediction equally plausibly: individuals in bad circumstances should take greater risks in order to improve their situations. Here, I present a simple analytical model adapted from the risk-sensitive foraging literature. It shows that in dire states, individuals should be risk-prone, in poor states, risk-averse, and in good states, risk-prone again. I discuss how the various kinds of mood state observed in humans might be understood as mechanisms for adaptively adjusting behavioural risk-taking to the current situation.

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“…Behaviorally, territorial control and aggression characterize this active response. Engel and Schmale (1972) originally described the second type of stress response as the conservation-withdrawal response. This response pattern is characterized behaviorally by immobility and low levels of aggression.…”

Section: Aggression and Coping Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Styles and Aggression: A Biobehavioral Approach

Koolhaas¹,

Boer

Emotion Regulation

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Conservation‐Withdrawal: A Primary Regulatory Process for Organismic Homeostasis

Cited by 133 publications

References 55 publications

Studies of learned helplessness in honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica).

Studies of learned helplessness in honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica).

An evolutionary model of low mood states

Coping Styles and Aggression: A Biobehavioral Approach

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