Conservation Tillage, Residue Management, and Crop Rotation Effects on Soil Major and Micro-nutrients in Semi-arid Vertisols of India

Somasundaram, J.; Sinha, Nishant K.; Mohanty, M.; Hati, K. M.; Chaudhary, R. S.; Shukla, Arvind Kumar; Shirale, A. O.; Neenu, S.; Naorem, Anandkumar; Rashmi, I.; Biswas, A. K.; Patra, A. K.; Rao, Ch. Srinivasa; Dalal, Ram C.

doi:10.1007/s42729-020-00380-1

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…This result may be due to the fact that the distribution and infiltration of roots in the soil may help to improve the physical properties and structure of soil and further increase the nutrient supply to rhizosphere soil (Li et al, 2016). The root nodules of common vetch can increase soil N retention and reduce SOM loss, which helps to maintains a healthy ecosystem (Amusan et al, 2011;Jayaraman et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2022). Similar results have been reported by Soltangheisi et al (2018) as…”

Section: Biomass and Soil Propertiessupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of rape/common vetch intercropping on biomass, soil characteristics, and microbial community diversity

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Legume–brassica intercropping is widely used to increase productivity in modern, sustainable agricultural systems. However, few studies have assessed the linkages between soil properties and soil microorganisms. Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil nutrient turnover and plant community composition. To elucidate the responses of soil microbial community diversity and structure to intercropping, we conducted a 2-year experiment based on common vetch (CV) monoculture, rape (R) monoculture, and common vetch–rape intercropping (IRCV) with phosphorus (P) addition in alkaline soil. The microbial communities of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil were examined based on high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA and ITS genes, respectively. In addition, we analyzed changes in soil properties and enzyme activities. Intercropping significantly increased dry matter (up to 98.86% and 81.48%, respectively dry matter is the aboveground biomass.) compared with common vetch monoculture. Intercropping decreased soil bulk density and pH and enhanced soil available phosphorus (AP) by 14.54–34.38%, 7.25–22.67%, soil organic matter (SOM) by 15.57–22.85, 6.82–15.57%, soil sucrase (Suc.) by 13.69–16.10%, 35.57–40.24% compared to monoculture common vetch and rape, respectively. However, bacterial alpha diversity was higher under rape monoculture than IRCV. In addition, the dominant soil bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (1.25–3.60%), Gemmatimonadetes (7.88–15.16%), Bacteroidetes (9.39–11.76%), and Rokubacteria (0.49–5.69%) were present at greater abundance with IRCV relative to those with CV and R, but phyla Chloroflexi was significantly decreased by 11.56–12.94% with IRCV compared with the other two treatments. The redundant analysis showed that SOM and AP were positively correlated with the dominant bacterial and fungal flora. Common vetch–rape intercropping resulted in increased biomass and altered soil microbial community composition as well as soil properties. Our results showed that intercropping systems positively improve soil microbial activity; this strategy could help in the cultivation of multiple crops and improve soil properties through sustainable production.

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Section: Biomass and Soil Propertiessupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of rape/common vetch intercropping on biomass, soil characteristics, and microbial community diversity

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…This was because of the improved nutrient bioavailability, lower water stress, superior soil microbial activity and favourable soil microclimate for nutrient uptake (Singh et al, 2021(Singh et al, , 2022aHarish et al, 2022). Further, the nutrient released from slow decomposing residues retained on CA plots might have positively impacted crop health over the entire crop duration (Jayaraman et al, 2021). ICM and cropping system interaction for NDVI and SPAD also reiterates the above facts.…”

Section: Crop Growth and Physiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 70%

Integrated management enhances crop physiology and final yield in maize intercropped with blackgram in semiarid South Asia

et al. 2022

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Photosynthesis, crop health and dry matter partitioning are among the most important factors influencing crop productivity and quality. Identifying variation in these parameters may help discover the plausible causes for crop productivity differences under various management practices and cropping systems. Thus, a 2-year (2019–2020) study was undertaken to investigate how far the integrated crop management (ICM) modules and cropping systems affect maize physiology, photosynthetic characteristics, crop vigour and productivity in a holistic manner. The treatments included nine main-plot ICM treatments [ICM1 to ICM4 – conventional tillage (CT)-based; ICM5 to ICM8 – conservation agriculture (CA)-based; ICM9 – organic agriculture (OA)-based] and two cropping systems, viz., maize–wheat and maize + blackgram–wheat in subplots. The CA-based ICM module, ICM7 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) improvements in the physiological parameters, viz., photosynthetic rate (42.56 μ mol CO2 m–2 sec–1), transpiration rate (9.88 m mol H2O m–2 sec–1) and net assimilation rate (NAR) (2.81 mg cm–2 day–1), crop vigour [NDVI (0.78), chlorophyll content (53.0)], dry matter partitioning toward grain and finally increased maize crop productivity (6.66 t ha–1) by 13.4–14.2 and 27.3–28.0% over CT- and OA-based modules. For maize equivalent grain yield (MEGY), the ICM modules followed the trend as ICM7 > ICM8 > ICM5 > ICM6 > ICM3 > ICM4 > ICM1 > ICM2 > ICM9. Multivariate and PCA analyses also revealed a positive correlation between physiological parameters, barring NAR and both grain and stover yields. Our study proposes an explanation for improved productivity of blackgram-intercropped maize under CA-based ICM management through significant improvements in physiological and photosynthetic characteristics and crop vigour. Overall, the CA-based ICM module ICM7 coupled with the maize + blackgram intercropping system could be suggested for wider adoption to enhance the maize production in semiarid regions of India and similar agroecologies across the globe.

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“…There is an urgent need to ensure food security and nutrition; thus, understanding and sustaining soil health is of paramount importance now. In fact, sustainable soil management has become even more important to safeguard soil resource from degradation as well as to enhance agricultural production to feed an increasing population (Dalal and Jayaraman 2021;Jayaraman et al 2021aJayaraman et al , 2021bJayaraman et al , 2021d and address climate change by reducing net CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O emissions (Reeves et al 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, changes in land use and management practices results in loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock by −10-59% (Guo and Gifford 2002;. The change from conventional till (CT) with residue burning/ removal to no-till (NT) farming with residue retention/ conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been recognised as important soil management practices for sustaining soil health and reversing land degradation (Lal 2013;Hati et al 2021;Jayaraman et al 2021aJayaraman et al , 2021b) (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services

Somasundaram

Dalal

2022

Soil Res.

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Globally, declining soil quality due to soil degradation is of great concern, and directly affects crop production, soil health and sustainability of natural resources. In conventional farming practices, the loss of fertile topsoil via runoff and erosion from arable land is a big concern. In addition, changes in land use and management practices result in loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock by −10–59%. The change from conventional till (CT) with residue burning/removal to no-till (NT) farming with residue retention/conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been recognised as important soil management practices for sustaining soil health and reversing land degradation. Worldwide, NT/CA practices are now being adopted on about 180 million ha (i.e. ∼14% of arable land). CA practices promote soil health by increasing organic carbon, and soil aggregation, thus improving infiltration and minimising erosion losses. In addition, CA has the potential to increase SOC sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and help to mitigate global climate change. Among sustainable food production systems, CA is often advocated with a view to increase food production while conserving natural resources and SOC. This special issue ‘No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services’ addresses and critically reviews these important issues and aims to foster awareness of NT farming. The collection of 15 papers lucidly covers various facets of NT farming. A summary and salient findings of these papers are provided in this Editorial. NT farming is a promising practice, which not only improves soil physical, chemical and biological health but also enhances carbon sequestration, crop productivity and mitigates GHG emissions through appropriate crop residue and nutrient management strategies. The adage says ‘one size won’t fit all’ or ‘a single recipe will not solve all problem/challenges’, so we need to adopt site-specific NT systems for higher benefits and productivity and sustaining soil health.

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Conservation Tillage, Residue Management, and Crop Rotation Effects on Soil Major and Micro-nutrients in Semi-arid Vertisols of India

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of rape/common vetch intercropping on biomass, soil characteristics, and microbial community diversity

Effects of rape/common vetch intercropping on biomass, soil characteristics, and microbial community diversity

Integrated management enhances crop physiology and final yield in maize intercropped with blackgram in semiarid South Asia

No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services

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