Conservation through Cultural Survival: Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas

Cochran, David M.; Stevens, Stan

doi:10.2307/215879

Cited by 60 publications

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“…Applied ethnobiology presents a means of working toward social and environmental justice and decolonized research methods. This approach is especially relevant to disputes surrounding tribal access to protected areas, such as national parks, which frequently evict Indigenous Peoples and prohibit them from practicing traditional subsistence activities (e.g., Stevens 1997Stevens , 2014West and Brechin 1991). Ethnobiologists have the potential to help communicate the importance of local TREM activities in the familiar language of Western science to policy-makers in collaboration with local communities.…”

Section: Fowlermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past 30 years, increased attention has been paid to the situation of Indigenous Peoples living within, as well as in proximity to, national parks and protected areas. Examples of conflicts and attempts at resolutions between them and managers of these areas can be cited for nearly every continent (e.g., Keller and Turek 1998;Stevens 1997Stevens , 2014West and Brechin 1991). Much of the conflict has come about because parks and other preserves were set aside long ago without any feeling of obligation to Indigenous residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applied Ethnobiology and Advocacy: A Case Study from the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe of Death Valley, California

Fowler

2019

Journal of Ethnobiology

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Attention has turned in the past 30 years to the situation of Indigenous Peoples in National Parks and protected areas worldwide. Their position brings historical problems, as well as new opportunities, for applied ethnobiology to contribute to cooperative management situations that could help rectify past injustices. In the mid-1990s, the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe began a struggle for land within and surrounding Death Valley National Park, California. This was capped by the passage of the Timbisha Shoshone Homeland Act in 2000. It granted the Tribe trust lands and the right to co-manage additional lands held by the National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management. Ethnobiology was used during negotiations to document the extent and uses of Timbisha traditional lands through ethnobotanical, ethnozoological, traditional resource and environmental management (TREM), and place name studies. The Tribe then initiated a pilot project in applied ethnobiology to bring TREM back to their lands through a honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and singleleaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) management project, designed to demonstrate to the agencies the value of traditional care practices. The project was in place for two years when problems arose that could not be easily resolved. This case study outlines some of the procedures used and the problems encountered. It also illustrates the value of the project, as well as some of the frustrations that can occur during the course of an applied ethnobiology project.

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Section: Fowlermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Ethnobiology and Advocacy: A Case Study from the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe of Death Valley, California

Fowler

2019

Journal of Ethnobiology

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“…The A'i highly value the forest, in fact tying their survival as a distinct culture directly to the survival of the forest (e.g. Stevens, 1997;Stocks et al, 2007;Lu et al, 2010;Schmidt & Peterson, 2009). In the case of the A'i, the WCS goal of biodiversity conservation is richly served by supporting Indigenous people who value the forest and have themselves been affected and influenced by colonization caused by the lack of Andean land reform, increasing armed violence in the Andean-Amazon and Pacific regions and the economic opportunity provided by a thriving drug trade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS and the A'i of Colombia

Stocks

Reyes²,

Rios-Franco³

2016

International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research

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This paper presents the work of the WCS with the A'i Indigenous people in Colombia as part of a USAID-funded project between 2009 and 2011. The project had several dimensions that make it unusual. Unlike conventional “counter-mapping” attempts to represent Indigenous land claims as a counter to government representations, the project sought to create maps and analyses that represent prior land assignments to the A'i by the Colombian government itself. These land assignments were not supported by geo-referenced maps and, in the case of Indigenous “reserves” the original boundary markers were only known to the oldest of the A'i people. Analysis of forest cover in lands controlled by the A'i reveal that they are highly protective of forests; indeed their collective identity is strongly related to forest cover. The process described also illustrates the difficult position many Indigenous Amazonians face in an era of drug wars, uncontrolled colonization, and in the case of Colombia, the lack of follow-up to the political and social measures envisioned in the 1991 Constitution.

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“…Community‐based conservation emerged in response to crises in exclusionary approaches to conservation—crises both socio‐political and ecological (West and Brechin 1991; Brandon and Wells 1992; Berkes 2004, 2006). Top‐down, centralized approaches—referred to as “fortress conservation” (Brockington 2002) and “fence and fines” approaches (Brown 2002)—persisted for decades as the dominant paradigm in protected area contexts, resulting in the exclusion or marginalization of local and Indigenous communities as well as unintended negative effects for local and regional ecosystems (Colchester 1997; Stevens 1997; Borrini‐Feyerabend et al 2002). In short, the field of conservation was afflicted with some of the shortcomings characterizing governmental and non‐governmental development agendas more broadly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revamping community‐based conservation through participatory research

Mulrennan

Mark²,

Scott

2012

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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Community‐based conservation is experiencing a crisis of identity and purpose as a result of a disappointing track record and unresolved deficiencies. The latter include over‐simplified assumptions and misconceptions of “community,” the imposition of externally designed and driven projects at the community level, a focus on conservation outcomes at the expense of community empowerment and social justice, and limited attention to participatory processes. New approaches are urgently needed to address these weaknesses and to counter a rising trend towards environmental protectionism and a preference for conservation approaches at an eco‐regional scale that threaten the interests of local and Indigenous communities. We propose that three core principles of community‐based participatory research (CBPR)—(1) community‐defined research agenda; (2) collaborative research process; and (3) meaningful research outcomes—hold much promise. Drawing on the experience of a research partnership involving the James Bay Cree community of Wemindji, northern Quebec, and academic researchers from four Canadian universities, we document the process of applying these principles to a community‐based conservation project that uses protected areas as a political strategy to redefine relations with governments in terms of a shared responsibility to care for land and sea. We suggest that basic assumptions of CBPR, including collaborative, equitable partnerships in all phases of the research, promotion of co‐learning and capacity building among all partners, emphasis on local relevance, and commitment to long‐term engagement, can provide the basis for a revamped phase of community‐based conservation that supports environmental protection while strengthening local institutions, building capacity, and contributing to cultural survival.

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Conservation through Cultural Survival: Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Applied Ethnobiology and Advocacy: A Case Study from the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe of Death Valley, California

Applied Ethnobiology and Advocacy: A Case Study from the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe of Death Valley, California

GIS and the A'i of Colombia

Revamping community‐based conservation through participatory research

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