Conservation Targets in South American Temperate Forests

Armestó, Juan J.; Rozzi, Ricardo; Smith‐Ramírez, Cecilia; Arroyo, Mary T. K.

doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1271

Cited by 294 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Durante los últimos siglos, buena parte de estos bosques han sido destruidos principalmente como consecuencia de la explotación forestal (Willson et al 2005). Hoy en día en muchas zonas sólo se conservan fragmentos del bosque templado húmedo, típico de estas regiones, e incluso las zonas mejor conservadas están sujetas a importantes amenazas (Armesto et al 1998, Willson et al 2005. Así, resulta particularmente importante conocer las especies presentes en estos bosques para aplicar medidas de gestión adecuadas para su conservación.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterización de la comunidad de mamíferos de un área remota del sur de Chile mediante el uso combinado de metodologías

Delibes‐Mateos¹,

Díaz‐Ruiz²,

Caro³

et al. 2014

Galemys

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ResumenActualmente se desconoce la presencia y distribución de los mamíferos en muchos lugares remotos, pese a que suelen ser lugares ricos en biodiversidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la comunidad de mamíferos terrestres de la Reserva de Huinay, sur de Chile, mediante tres metodologías: i) encuestas a residentes y visitantes de la zona (n=42); ii) transectos de indicios (excrementos, huellas, etc; se recorrieron 80 km en total); y iii) foto-trampeo (se colocaron 18 cámaras-trampa con un esfuerzo total de 590 trampas-día). Se identificaron 13 especies de mamíferos terrestres. El pudú (Pudu puda), la güiña (Leopardus guigna) y el quique (Galictis cuja) fueron las únicas identificadas mediante los tres métodos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que diferentes metodologías pueden ser complementarias para determinar la presencia y distribución de las especies en áreas remotas. Palabras claves: Encuestas; estudio de biodiversidad; foto-trampeo; transecto de indicios AbstractThe presence and distribution of mammals in remote areas are currently poorly known, although these areas are usually rich in biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to characterize the terrestrial mammal community within the reserve of Huinay, southern Chile, using three methodologies: i) questionnaires to residents and visitors to the area (n=42); ii) transects of mammals' presence (scats, tracks, etc; the total length of transects was 80 km); iii) camera-trapping (18 camera-traps were set with a total sampling effort of 590 trap-days). A total of 13 species of mammals were identified, and only three of them (pudu, Pudu puda, kodkod, Leopardus guigna and lesser grison, Galictis cuja) were recorded with all the methods employed. Our results suggest that different methodologies can complement each other for surveying species presence and distribution in remote areas.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterización de la comunidad de mamíferos de un área remota del sur de Chile mediante el uso combinado de metodologías

Delibes‐Mateos¹,

Díaz‐Ruiz²,

Caro³

et al. 2014

Galemys

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“…We considered a bird species as potentially frugivores when its mouth gape was at least as large as the mean fruit diameter of L. apiculata and A. punctatum (Armesto et al 1987). In this study, there were no narrow mouthed birds consuming fruits, although they may eventually be seed dispersers (see Armesto et al 1987, Correa et al 1990, Rozzi et al 1996, and Díaz 2005 for more details on frugivorous bird species).…”

Section: Identification and Abundance Of Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, there were no narrow mouthed birds consuming fruits, although they may eventually be seed dispersers (see Armesto et al 1987, Correa et al 1990, Rozzi et al 1996, and Díaz 2005 for more details on frugivorous bird species). There are other potentially frugivorous vertebrates identified in secondary forests of Chiloé, for example the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria: Microbiotheriidae) (Amico et al 2009), which will not be studied in this opportunity.…”

Section: Identification and Abundance Of Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. apiculata fruits are smaller in size than those of A. punctatum (table 1). Therefore, in the temperate rainforests of southern Chile, L. apiculata could be a less discriminatory source of ripe fruits than A. punctatum, because the bird species present in the region generally have beak gapes smaller than A. punctatum fruit diameter (Armesto et al 1987). This may also explain why the lowest diversity of frugivorous birds is found in the patch dominated by A. punctatum and the low effectiveness of T. falcklandii on A. punctatum fruits, at least with regard to the quantitative components of disperser effectiveness.…”

Section: Aextoxicon Punctatummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birds are the main fruit consumers in Chiloé; up to 90 % of all bird species on the island include fleshy fruits in their diet to some extent (Sabag 1993), mammals and lizards are also important frugivores (Armesto et al 1987, Willson et al 1996b, Aizen et al 2002, Amico et al 2009). Additionally, investigations into seed germination show that birds in Chiloé act as legitimate seed dispersers, scattering viable propagules (Figueroa and Castro 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantity component of the effectiveness of seed dispersal by birds in the temperate rainforest of Chiloé, Chile

2011

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SUMMARYThe quantity component of the disperser effectiveness of resident birds during the autumn-winter period has not yet been detailed in temperate rainforests of South America. In this study, the potentially frugivorous bird species in the temperate rainforests of southern Chile during the Austral autumn-winter were identified, and the quantity component of the disperser effectiveness of the birds (number of visits and number of seeds dispersed per hour) were evaluated for the tree species Luma apiculata and Aextoxicon punctatum. During the peak fruiting period of the both L. apiculata and A. punctatum 10 and 14, respectively, individuals of each species were monitored for a total of 10 days. Results show that four bird species consumed L. apiculata fruits. The birds Turdus falcklandii were the main fruit consumers (72 % of the visits), with a mean rate of 2.2 visits per hour and 49.2 seeds dispersed per hour. The frugivorous species visiting A. punctatum were T. falcklandii (97 % of the visits) and Columba araucana (3 %). In A. punctatum, T. falcklandii consumed 65 fruits in 35 visits, with a mean rate of 1.8 visits per hour and 3.4 seeds dispersed per hour. In conclusion, T. falcklandii would be the most effective seed disperser bird for autumn-winter fruiting trees in the Chiloé rainforest of our study site, at least with regard to the quantitative component of disperser effectiveness.Key words: seed disperser, frugivorous bird, endozoochory, fleshy fruit, South America rainforest. RESUMENEl componente cuantitativo de la efectividad de la dispersión de semillas en aves residentes en los bosques lluviosos de Sudamérica durante el período de otoño e invierno no ha sido descrito con detalle. En este estudio se identificaron las potenciales especies de aves frugívoras de los bosques templados del sur de Chile durante el otoño austral y se evaluó el componente cuantitativo de la efectividad de las aves como dispersantes de semillas (número de visitas y número de semillas dispersadas por hora) en las especies arbóreas Luma apiculata y Aextoxicon punctatum. Durante el periodo de máxima fructificación de los árboles L. apiculata y A. punctatum fueron monitoreados 10 y 14 individuos, respectivamente, por un período de 10 días. Los resultados mostraron que cuatro especies de aves consumieron los frutos de L. apiculata. El ave Turdus falcklandii fue el principal consumidor de frutos (72 % de las visitas), con una tasa de 2,2 visitas por hora y 49,2 semillas dispersadas por hora. Los frugívoros que visitaron A. punctatum fueron T. falcklandii (97 % de las visitas) y Columba araucana (3 %). Aquí, T. falcklandii consumió 65 frutos en 35 visitas, con una tasa de 1,8 visitas por hora y 3,4 semillas dispersadas por hora. Se concluye que T. falcklandii sería la más efectiva ave dispersante de semillas de los árboles que fructifican en otoño e invierno en los bosques templados del sur de Chile, al menos con respecto al componente cuantitativo de la efectividad del dispersante.Palabras clave: dispersante de semillas, ave frug...

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Conservation easements and mining: The case of Chile

et al. 2013

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Private protected areas (PPAs) are important designations with the potential to complement and improve public protected area (PA) networks in many countries. PPAs come in many forms and offer a wide variety of incentives, rights, responsibilities, and protections. One popular model, now being considered for adoption in Chile, is the conservation easement. In this article, we examine how well conservation easements would perform as PPA designations in countries such as Chile that have strong mining industries. Mining, and other concessions, in PAs is emerging as an important point of contention between conservation and development. PPA designations should be carefully designed to offer protections that conform to standards that will complement PA networks, that are perpetual, and that require a publically accountable and transparent process to overturn or modify.

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Conservation Targets in South American Temperate Forests

Cited by 294 publications

References 8 publications

Caracterización de la comunidad de mamíferos de un área remota del sur de Chile mediante el uso combinado de metodologías

Caracterización de la comunidad de mamíferos de un área remota del sur de Chile mediante el uso combinado de metodologías

Quantity component of the effectiveness of seed dispersal by birds in the temperate rainforest of Chiloé, Chile

Conservation easements and mining: The case of Chile

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