Conservation or Co-evolution? Intermediate Levels of Aboriginal Burning and Hunting Have Positive Effects on Kangaroo Populations in Western Australia

Codding, Brian F.; Bird, Rebecca Bliege; Kauhanen, Peter G.; Bird, Douglas W.

doi:10.1007/s10745-014-9682-4

Cited by 58 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Native communities in Northern California support burning, in part, because many individuals derive livelihoods or identities directly from fire-supported or firepromoted resources, such as willow and hazel for basketry, or deer for networks of sharing and consumption [31]. Aboriginal people in remote parts of Australia and in the grasslands of Brazil burn in order to increase their hunting efficiencies and to provision networks of sharing and exchange [49,50]. In the USA, landowners, who have experienced the costs of fire directly or who value its ecological benefits, are more likely to support prescribed burning efforts [51,52].…”

Section: (B) Landscape Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic fires are kept small by actively seeking downwind firebreaks or burning patches surrounded by previous burns; individuals are motivated to do so by the threat of social sanctions via traditional punishment rituals for out-of-control burning. Anthropogenic fire increases pyrodiversity-fire-generated ecological heterogeneity and diversity [61]-and reduces both the size of, and distance between unburned patches, reducing the cost of access to post-fire refugia for animals living in the region and more than doubling the density of edge loving species such as kangaroo and monitor lizard [49,66].…”

Section: (I) French Western Pyreneesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living on a flammable planet: interdisciplinary, cross-scalar and varied cultural lessons, prospects and challenges

Roos

Scott

Belcher

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Living with fire is a challenge for human communities because they are influenced by socio-economic, political, ecological and climatic processes at various spatial and temporal scales. Over the course of 2 days, the authors discussed how communities could live with fire challenges at local, national and transnational scales. Exploiting our diverse, international and interdisciplinary expertise, we outline generalizable properties of fire-adaptive communities in varied settings where cultural knowledge of fire is rich and diverse. At the national scale, we discussed policy and management challenges for countries that have diminishing fire knowledge, but for whom global climate change will bring new fire problems. Finally, we assessed major fire challenges that transcend national political boundaries, including the health burden of smoke plumes and the climate consequences of wildfires. It is clear that to best address the broad range of fire problems, a holistic wildfire scholarship must develop common agreement in working terms and build across disciplines. We must also communicate our understanding of fire and its importance to the media, politicians and the general public.This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'.

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Section: (B) Landscape Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (I) French Western Pyreneesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living on a flammable planet: interdisciplinary, cross-scalar and varied cultural lessons, prospects and challenges

Roos

Scott

Belcher

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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show abstract

“…Larger animals such as kangaroo also benefit from the landscape diversity that Martu fires create: areas that are most heavily hunted have lower kangaroo densities, but so do areas with no hunting or very limited hunting. Regions of intermediate use have significantly higher kangaroo populations, likely because the benefits of an anthropogenic fire regime include increased access to patches of high‐quality forage and a net increase in kangaroo at intermediate distances from Martu communities …”

Section: Martu Fire Foraging and Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrodiversity and the anthropocene: the role of fire in the broad spectrum revolution

Bird¹,

Bird

Codding³

2016

Evolutionary Anthropology

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The Anthropocene colloquially refers to a global regime of human-caused environmental modification of earth systems associated with profound changes in patterns of human mobility, as well as settlement and resource use compared with prior eras. Some have argued that the processes generating the Anthropocene are mainly associated with population growth and technological innovation, and thus began only in the late Holocene under conditions of dense sedentism and industrial agriculture.(1) However, it now seems clear that the roots of the Anthropocene lie in complex processes of intensification that significantly predate transitions to agriculture.(2,3) What intensification is remains less clear. For some it is increasing economic productivity that increases carrying capacity, the drivers of which may be too diverse and too local to generalize.(4,5) For others using Boserup's ideas about agrarian intensification, increasing density in hunter-gatherer populations can produce declines in subsistence efficiency that increase incentives for investing labor to boost yield per unit area, which then elevates Malthusian limits on carrying capacity.(6-8) As Morgan(9) demonstrates in a comprehensive review, the legacy of such Boserupian intensification is alive, well, and controversial in hunter-gatherer archeology. This is a result of its potential for illuminating processes involved in transformations of forager socio-political and economic systems, including those dominated by harvesting more immediate-return resources and high residential mobility as well as those characterized by more delayed-return material economies with reduced residential mobility, a broader spectrum of resources, degrees of storage, and greater social stratification. Here we detail hypotheses about the processes involved in such transitions and explore the way that anthropogenic disturbance of ecosystems, especially the use of landscape fire, could be fundamentally entangled with many broad-spectrum revolutions associated with intensified foraging systems.

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“…Indeed the co-evolutionary dynamics between human cultivation of seascapes to support foundation species like herring likely contributed to maintaining strong spawning populations of these forage fish, which in turn supported an abundance and diversity of higher trophic level species. As Codding et al (2014) suggest, BUnderstanding the processes that sustain these ecological communities, regardless of whether they are intentional or not, will allow for more effective design of management protocols that can simultaneously satisfy conservation goals while facilitating the survival, well-being, and autonomy of traditional subsistence practices.Â long with salmon, herring were a Bstaff of life^for many Northwest Coast aboriginal communities (Salisbury 1962:155) due to their critical role in the seasonal round and in supporting marine ecosystems. Tlingits and Haidas knew them intimately through close observation of their reproductive cycles, and through experimentation and trial and error learned critical lessons about how to enhance herring propagation and reproduction in particular seascapes.…”

Section: Conclusion: Herring Cultivation and Adaptive Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ideology and Practice of Pacific Herring Cultivation among the Tlingit and Haida

Thornton

2015

Hum Ecol

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Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) are a keystone species in the marine ecosystems of the Tlingit and Haida peoples of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia. Herring are not only caught and eaten and their eggs gathered, but also cultivated through respectful engagement, especially in their spring spawning cycle. This paper examines the nature of herring cultivation as a means of ensuring sustainable, reliable, and accessible supplies of these foundational forage fish, which are integral to the marine food web. Understanding the full range of cultivation techniques involves looking at both the supply and demand sides of herring production within specific anthropogenic seascapes and social-ecological systems. I argue that herring cultivation techniques helped sustain abundant and predictable returns of spawning herring in particular locales for centuries, if not millennia, and that these techniques and the relational knowledge-belief-practice complex that supports them have relevance as tools in contemporary fisheries management to enhance and restore local spawning populations within an adaptive management and ecosystem stewardship regime.

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Conservation or Co-evolution? Intermediate Levels of Aboriginal Burning and Hunting Have Positive Effects on Kangaroo Populations in Western Australia

Cited by 58 publications

References 62 publications

Living on a flammable planet: interdisciplinary, cross-scalar and varied cultural lessons, prospects and challenges

Living on a flammable planet: interdisciplinary, cross-scalar and varied cultural lessons, prospects and challenges

Pyrodiversity and the anthropocene: the role of fire in the broad spectrum revolution

The Ideology and Practice of Pacific Herring Cultivation among the Tlingit and Haida

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