Conservation of Lake Tlahuac-Xico, as a Natural Reserve Water Ecosystem and New Water Source for the Eastern Valley of Mexico, in Face of the Global Water Crisis

Abstract

Water is a natural resource, of great relevance for health, essential for life, for the development of societies, economic growth, the preservation and conservation of the environment, and to achieve human well-being, sustainable development and world social peace. However, the production and consumption of goods and services has not only brought with it a greater demand for the liquid, but also a greater generation of wastewater, which is discharged without any prior treatment into surface water bodies and, as a result, many freshwater ecosystems. and marine areas show signs of degradation, which has reduced the quantity and quality of their environmental services, in addition to the irreparable loss of their biodiversity. In this research, the quality of the water stored in the new Lake Tlahuac-Xico was evaluated, which as a result of the consolidation of the aquitard due to the effect of pumping in the main underlying aquifer due to the extraction of water and derived from this topographic depression and subsidence. differentials caused by the exploitation of the aquifer through 14 wells for the supply of drinking water, gave rise to its formation, where surface water from runoff is stored, whose evolution and current form is controlled by the extension and geometry of a basalt flow, from the Sierra de Santa Catarina, located 50 m deep within the lacustrine sequence. The results showed a high contamination index, due to wastewater discharges from the Amecameca River, raw wastewater discharges from the Serpentino Canal and the Ixtayopan plant, and runoff from surrounding agricultural areas.