Conservation of highly fragmented systems: The north temperate Alexander Archipelago

Cook, Joseph A.; Dawson, Natalie G.; MacDonald, Stephen O.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.026

Cited by 76 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Our projected distributions for the previous interglacial warm period (LIG) closely resembled distributions predicted into the near future, but SDMs further into the coming century indicate a continued northward shift of biodiversity. These predictions reflect a warmer world than at any time within the evolutionary history of extant Arctic-adapted (cold-associated) species and emphasize the importance of locating and accommodating vital refugial areas for these taxa into future land-management scenarios (Cook et al 2006, Woodruff 2010. Novel ecological conditions that drive community reorganization may lead to a state shift within the tundra biome (Barnosky et al 2012) although such threshold changes are often difficult to predict (Hinzman et al 2005).…”

Section: Local Ecosystem To Global Biospherementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Because the range of some taxa shifted into or out of this region through time or potentially could in the future, specimens used for both niche and genetic analyses in this study included distinct lineages with distributions that extend beyond Alaska's borders in western Beringia (i.e., Far East Siberia) and far eastern Beringia (i.e., Yukon Territory and northern British Columbia; Appendix: Table A1). The Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska was excluded from sample representation as many specimens from that region represent endemic lineages that reflect complex and unresolved post-glacial phylogeographic histories (Cook et al 2006). Small and medium-sized mammals are ideal focal taxa as they are yearround residents, relatively abundant, and extensive sampling is feasible within this logistically challenging region.…”

Section: Study System and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the most recent Wisconsinan glacial cycle (;110-11 ka) was distinctive because humans became an integral part of the biosphere, significantly influencing wildlife abundance and distribution through hunting and land-use changes (Duerden 2004, Cook et al 2006, Bellard et al 2012. Atmospheric changes and associated climate warming of the Anthropocene have surpassed levels of previous Quaternary interglacial maxima, and in the future the northern high latitudes will be characterized by novel environments (Overland et al 2013, Reu et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arctic biodiversity: increasing richness accompanies shrinking refugia for a cold‐associated tundra fauna

et al. 2015

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Abstract. As ancestral biodiversity responded dynamically to late-Quaternary climate changes, so are extant organisms responding to the warming trajectory of the Anthropocene. Ecological predictive modeling, statistical hypothesis tests, and genetic signatures of demographic change can provide a powerful integrated toolset for investigating these biodiversity responses to climate change, and relative resiliency across different communities. Within the biotic province of Beringia, we analyzed specimen localities and DNA sequences from 28 mammal species associated with boreal forest and Arctic tundra biomes to assess both historical distributional and evolutionary responses and then forecasted future changes based on statistical assessments of past and present trajectories, and quantified distributional and demographic changes in relation to major management regions within the study area. We addressed three sets of hypotheses associated with aspects of methodological, biological, and socio-political importance by asking (1) what is the consistency among implications of predicted changes based on the results of both ecological and evolutionary analyses; (2) what are the ecological and evolutionary implications of climate change considering either total regional diversity or distinct communities associated with major biomes; and (3) are there differences in management implications across regions? Our results indicate increasing Arctic richness through time that highlights a potential state shift across the Arctic landscape. However, within distinct ecological communities, we found a predicted decline in the range and effective population size of tundra species into several discrete refugial areas. Consistency in results based on a combination of both ecological and evolutionary approaches demonstrates increased statistical confidence by applying cross-discipline comparative analyses to conservation of biodiversity, particularly considering variable management regimes that seek to balance sustainable ecosystems with other anthropogenic values. Refugial areas for cold-adapted taxa appear to be persistent across both warm and cold climate phases and although fragmented, constitute vital regions for persistence of Arctic mammals.

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Section: Local Ecosystem To Global Biospherementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Study System and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arctic biodiversity: increasing richness accompanies shrinking refugia for a cold‐associated tundra fauna

et al. 2015

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“…Recolonization by these source populations across the vast, previously ice-covered regions created zones of secondary contact both between divergent lineages of the same species and between distinct species (Hewitt 2004;Runck et al 2009). It is this "replaying" of history, in terms of repeated episodic range expansion and contraction across the Quaternary, that produced the diverse faunal mosaic across temporal and spatial scales linking landscapes to regional ecosystems and communities in the North (e.g., Cook et al 2006;Hoberg et al 2012a;.…”

Section: The Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BCP collecting methods ensure the preservation of high-quality samples that permit investigations spanning broad spatial and temporal scales, including topics such as deep phylogenetic relationships Koehler et al 2009b;Lanier and Olson 2009;Esteva et al 2010;Haukisalmi et al 2010;Kohli et al 2014), the mode and timing of speciation (Hope et al 2011(Hope et al , 2013, community assembly and faunal mixing through time (Cook et al 2006;Galbreath andHoberg 2012, 2015;Hoberg et al 2012a;Cook and MacDonald 2013;Hope et al 2015), demographic responses to regional climate through interactions with major biotic and abiotic forces (e.g., Hope et al 2014), conservation implications of population fragmentation and expansion (Small et al 2003;Cook and MacDonald 2013;, recurrent gene flow (Runck et al 2009;Lindqvist et al 2010;Miller et al 2012;McLean et al 2016b), and isotopic investigations of dietary niche space (O'Brien et al 2017). Museum specimens lend themselves to integrated approaches to science, especially sample-intensive fields of study that now are experiencing rapid technological and methodological advances (stable isotopes, disease ecology, and predictive modeling: McLean et al 2016a;Dunnum et al 2017).…”

Section: Uses Of Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beringian Coevolution Project: holistic collections of mammals and associated parasites reveal novel perspectives on evolutionary and environmental change in the North

et al. 2017

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The Beringian Coevolution Project (BCP), a field program underway in the high northern latitudes since 1999, has focused on building key scientific infrastructure for integrated specimen-based studies on mammals and their associated parasites. BCP has contributed new insights across temporal and spatial scales into how ancient climate and environmental change have shaped faunas, emphasizing processes of assembly, persistence, and diversification across the vast Beringian region. BCP collections also represent baseline records of biotic diversity from across the northern high latitudes at a time of accelerated environmental change. These specimens and associated data form an unmatched resource for identifying hidden diversity, interpreting past responses to climate oscillations, documenting contemporary conditions, and anticipating outcomes for complex biological systems in a regime of ecological perturbation. Because of its dual focus on hosts and parasites, the BCP record also provides a foundation for comparative analyses that can document the effects of dynamic change on the geographic distribution, transmission dynamics, and emergence of pathogens. By using specific examples from carnivores, eulipotyphlans, lagomorphs, rodents, ungulates, and their associated parasites, we demonstrate how broad, integrated field collections provide permanent infrastructure that informs policy decisions regarding human impact and the effect of climate change on natural populations.

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Habitat case studies

King

Lomolino

Roemer

et al. 2013

Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2

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Conservation of highly fragmented systems: The north temperate Alexander Archipelago

Cited by 76 publications

References 60 publications

Arctic biodiversity: increasing richness accompanies shrinking refugia for a cold‐associated tundra fauna

Arctic biodiversity: increasing richness accompanies shrinking refugia for a cold‐associated tundra fauna

The Beringian Coevolution Project: holistic collections of mammals and associated parasites reveal novel perspectives on evolutionary and environmental change in the North

Habitat case studies

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