“…Microscopic and larger charcoal remains have been recorded at several Pennine sites in association with pollen evidence of woodland recession, and Fountains Earth (Tinsley, 1975), Valley Bog (Chambers, 1978), Pawlaw Mire (Sturludottir and Turner, 1985), Malham Tarn Moss (Pigott and Pigott, 1963), Quick Moss (Rowell and Turner, 1985), Gate Gutter (Gear and Turner, 2001), Eshton Tarn (Bartley et al, 1990), Fleet Moss (Honeyman, 1985), Lanshaw on Rombalds Moor (Bannister (1985) and Great Close Pasture (Smith, 1986) are regional examples. Often at higher altitudes the charcoal occurs at the base of the peat and in the soil beneath, as at Mire Holes in the north Pennines (Squires, 1978), and Late Mesolithic burning of wet, acidic woodland might have led to water surpluses and organic accumulation within the created clearings (Moore, 1975; Simmons, 1996; Simmons and Innes, 1985, 1987) so that, instead of regeneration of tree cover, the spread of marsh, heath and blanket bog was initiated, a long-term process of landscape change that became important in the uplands from this time onwards (Garton, 2017; Tallis, 1991). This process might have occurred at CS1.…”