Conservation genetic assessment of four plant species in a small replica of a steppe ecosystem &gt;30 years after establishment

Müller, Christina M.; Huwe, Björn; Wissemann, Volker; Joshi, Jasmin; Gemeinholzer, Birgit

doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1381-1

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…2015; Müller et al. 2017). Furthermore, the effect size of ex‐situ‐wild F ST significantly increased as the duration of ex situ conservation increased (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Because of the small population sizes, increased spatial isolation, and artificial selection caused by incomplete sampling strategies, high levels of ex-situ-wild F ST have been reported in several empirical studies, even between ex situ populations and the wild populations where they were collected (Lauterbach et al 2012;Miao et al 2015;Müller et al 2017). Furthermore, the effect size of ex-situwild F ST significantly increased as the duration of ex situ conservation increased (Fig.…”

Section: Higher Genetic Differentiation Between Ex Situ and Wild Popumentioning

confidence: 94%

“…2008, 2019; Müller et al. 2017). Because genetic erosion is expected to be stronger after several generations, negative genetic consequences are more likely to occur in herbs, which have short life cycles, than in woody plants (Young et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical and empirical studies show that founder effects or genetic drift, as well as inbreeding effects, can result in a decline in genetic diversity in small and isolated populations (Ellstrand & Elam 1993;Aguilar et al 2008). Plant species with different intrinsic characteristics (e.g., life form and mating system) exhibit distinct responses in the face of decreased population size and increased spatial isolation (Aguilar et al 2008(Aguilar et al , 2019Müller et al 2017). Because genetic erosion is expected to be stronger after several generations, negative genetic consequences are more likely to occur in herbs, which have short life cycles, than in woody plants (Young et al 1996;Aguilar et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations

Wei

Jiang

2020

Conservation Biology

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Ex situ conservation is widely used to protect wild plant species from extinction. However, it remains unclear how genetic variation of ex situ plant collections reflects diversity of wild source populations. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of the genetic representativeness of ex situ populations by comparing genetic diversity (i.e., AR, allelic richness; He, expected heterozygosity; PPB, percent polymorphic bands; and SWI, Shannon–Winner index), inbreeding coefficient (FIS), and genetic differentiation between ex situ plant collections and their wild source populations. Genetic diversity (i.e., He, PPB, and SWI) was significantly lower in ex situ populations than their wild source populations, whereas genetic differentiation between ex situ and wild populations (ex‐situ‐wild FST), but not that among ex situ populations, was significantly higher than among wild populations. Outcrossing species, but not those with mixed mating system, had significantly lower genetic diversity in ex situ populations and significantly higher ex‐situ‐wild FST. When the collection size for ex situ conservation was ≥30 or 50, PPB, He, and ex‐situ‐wild FST were not significantly different between ex situ and wild populations, indicating a relatively high genetic representativeness. Collecting from the entire natural distribution range and mixing collections from different sources could significantly increase the genetic representativeness of ex situ populations. Type of ex situ conservation (i.e., planting or seed bank) had no effect on genetic representativeness. The effect size of He decreased and the effect size of ex‐situ‐wild FST increased as the duration of ex situ conservation increased. Our results suggest that current ex situ plant collections do not effectively capture the genetic variation of wild populations. Low genetic representativeness of ex situ populations was caused by both initial incomplete sampling from wild populations and genetic erosion during ex situ conservation. We emphasize that it is necessary to employ more thorough sampling strategies in future collecting efforts and to add new individuals where needed.

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“…2015; Müller et al. 2017). Furthermore, the effect size of ex‐situ‐wild F ST significantly increased as the duration of ex situ conservation increased (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Higher Genetic Differentiation Between Ex Situ and Wild Popumentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations

Wei

Jiang

2020

Conservation Biology

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“…While this approach seems intriguing, studies about its effectiveness in preventing genetic changes and adaptation processes are lacking. Mixed conclusions come from the only available genetic study, where Müller et al (2017) investigated whether four species conserved for more than thirty years in a small, artificially created steppe area in a botanic garden in Germany did genetically diverge from the natural source population close by. They found that some of the species did not show a detectable genetic differentiation, while others significantly differentiated from the original source population over these 30 years.…”

Section: How Can Adaptation To the Botanic Garden Conditions Be Prevementioning

confidence: 99%

How the Cultivation of Wild Plants in Botanic Gardens can Change their Genetic and Phenotypic Status and What This Means for their Conservation Value

Enßlin

Godefroid

2019

Sibbaldia

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The discipline of horticulture, growing and propagating plants under artificial conditions, has a centuries-long tradition and has developed into a vital industry of breeding, propagating and trading ornamental and wild plants around the globe. Botanic gardens have always been at the centre of horticultural training and have provided excellence and advancements in the field. In recent decades, botanic gardens have also become an active part of ex situ conservation activities by storing seeds of endangered wild plants, growing living collections for conservation purposes, or propagating plants for direct reintroduction measures. While this shift in focus has been necessary and very important, ex situ collections of wild plants have been criticised for beinggenetically impoverished, potentially hybridised with congeners, or adapted to the artificial garden conditions and potentially having lost specific adaptations to their original wild habitat. In this review, we provide an overview of these potential threats to wild plants in ex situ living collections and outline examples of how ex situ cultivation can affect genetic diversity, trait expression and adaptive responses of the plants. We evaluate what these changes could mean for the conservation value of the collections, and discuss how they could be avoided by refining horticultural practices.

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Continuous inbreeding affects genetic variation, phenology, and reproductive strategy in ex situ cultivated Digitalis lutea

Sandner

Gemeinholzer

Lemmer

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Ex situ cultivation is important for plant conservation, but cultivation in small populations may result in genetic changes by drift, inbreeding, or unconscious selection. Repeated inbreeding potentially influences not only plant fitness, but also floral traits and interactions with pollinators, which has not yet been studied in an ex situ context. Methods: We studied the molecular genetic variation of Digitalis lutea from a botanic garden population cultivated for 30 years, a frozen seed bank conserving the original genetic structure, and two current wild populations including the source population. In a common garden, we studied the effects of experimental inbreeding and betweenpopulation crosses on performance, reproductive traits, and flower visitation of plants from the garden and a wild population. Results: Significant genetic differentiation was found between the garden population and the wild population from which the seeds had originally been gathered. After experimental selfing, inbreeding depression was only found for germination and leaf size of plants from the wild population, indicating a history of inbreeding in the smaller garden population. Moreover, garden plants flowered earlier and had floral traits related to selfing, whereas wild plants had traits related to attracting pollinators. Bumblebees visited more flowers of outbred than inbred plants and of wild than garden plants. Conclusions: Our case study suggests that high levels of inbreeding during ex situ cultivation can influence reproductive traits and thus interactions with pollinators. Together with the effects of genetic erosion and unconscious selection, these changes may affect the success of reintroductions into natural habitats.

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Conservation genetic assessment of four plant species in a small replica of a steppe ecosystem >30 years after establishment

Cited by 4 publications

References 73 publications

Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations

Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations

How the Cultivation of Wild Plants in Botanic Gardens can Change their Genetic and Phenotypic Status and What This Means for their Conservation Value

Continuous inbreeding affects genetic variation, phenology, and reproductive strategy in ex situ cultivated Digitalis lutea

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