Conservation Credits—Evolution of a Market-Oriented Approach to Recovery of Species of Concern on Private Land

Kreuter, Urs P.; Wolfe, David W.; Hays, K. Brian; Conner, J. Richard

doi:10.1016/j.rama.2016.10.012

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It also economically rewards cooperating landowners for their efforts [165]. Fostering partnerships with private landowners is especially beneficial, as oftentimes there is distrust of government entities [166] that hampers conservation or research efforts [167].…”

Section: Solutions: Improving Modeling Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Agriculture and Ecosystems to Find Suitable Adaptations to Climate Change

Thayer

Vargas

Castellanos

et al. 2020

Climate

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Climate change is altering agricultural production and ecosystems around the world. Future projections indicate that additional change is expected in the coming decades, forcing individuals and communities to respond and adapt. Current research efforts typically examine climate change effects and possible adaptations but fail to integrate agriculture and ecosystems. This failure to jointly consider these systems and associated externalities may underestimate climate change impacts or cause adaptation implementation surprises, such as causing adaptation status of some groups or ecosystems to be worsened. This work describes and motivates reasons why ecosystems and agriculture adaptation require an integrated analytical approach. Synthesis of current literature and examples from Texas are used to explain concepts and current challenges. Texas is chosen because of its high agricultural output that is produced in close interrelationship with the surrounding semi-arid ecosystem. We conclude that future effect and adaptation analyses would be wise to jointly consider ecosystems and agriculture. Existing paradigms and useful methodology can be transplanted from the sustainable agriculture and ecosystem service literature to explore alternatives for climate adaptation and incentivization of private agriculturalists and consumers. Researchers are encouraged to adopt integrated modeling as a means to avoid implementation challenges and surprises when formulating and implementing adaptation.

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Section: Solutions: Improving Modeling Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Agriculture and Ecosystems to Find Suitable Adaptations to Climate Change

Thayer

Vargas

Castellanos

et al. 2020

Climate

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“…However, this was rescinded by the USFWS in July 2018, returning the former regulations and guidance back into force (USFWS, 2018). On top of these policy movements, multiple actors are working to improve SCBs, or develop new mitigation mechanisms for endangered species (e.g., Chiavacci & Pindilli, 2018; Kreuter, Wolfe, Hays, & Conner, 2017) aiming to tackle some of the challenges faced by the offsetting approach. To achieve net gain, or a similar target, would require many of the challenges of offsetting (Table 1) and practical challenges faced on the ground to be tackled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering opportunities for effective species conservation banking requires navigating technical and practical complexities

White

Bull

Toombs

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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In the USA, Species Conservation Banking is a prominent example of compensatory biodiversity impact mitigation, with an annual market value estimated at US$354.2 million. Species Conservation Banking represents a useful case study of a well-established program that can provide empirical insights into the practicalities of implementing quantitative compensatory biodiversity mitigation on-the-ground. Using semi-structured key-informant interviews structured around well-established technical challenges to compensatory mitigation, this study aimed to understand (i) how and why these challenges are or are not addressed in practice; and (ii) how these challenges relate to practical challenges faced by conservation banking stakeholders on-the-ground. Challenges identified included: (i) defining trading currencies and equivalence, (ii) regulatory and political uncertainty, (iii) regulatory agency capacity, will and knowledge, (iv) lack of policies, standards, and competition with other mitigation mechanisms, (v) long-term uncertainty/longevity, and (vi) lack of species knowledge and data transparency. These challenges are numerous, diverse, interlinked and transdisciplinary, and collectively inhibit the ability of practitioners to resolve underlying technical challenges-a finding likely applicable to related biodiversity offset programs. To help address challenges and navigate this complexity, we formulate several recommendations for conservation banking stakeholders to improve the chances of beneficial biodiversity outcomes being achieved.

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“…Some organizations favor long term protection, perhaps by securing ownership of land outright or by relying on easements or covenants (Kabii and Horwitz 2006, Fishburn et al 2009). Others rely on short‐term agreements, such as rental contracts (Lerner et al 2007, Hanley et al 2012, Batáry et al 2015, Zhu et al 2018) or habitat recovery credits (Kreuter et al 2017). To better evaluate and expand land protection programs, we need a means to synthesize this complexity and reveal communities of land protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected area, easement, and rental contract data reveal five communities of land protection in the United States

Jackson

Kroetz

Sanchirico

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Land protection efforts represent large societal investments and are critical to biodiversity conservation. Land protection involves a complex mosaic of areas managed by multiple organizations, using a variety of mechanisms to achieve different levels of protection. We develop an approach to synthesize, describe, and map this land protection diversity over large spatial scales. We use cluster analysis to find distinct “communities” of land protection based on the organizations involved, the strictness of land protection, and the protection mechanisms used. We also associate identified land protection communities with socioenvironmental variables. Applying these methods to describe land protection communities in counties across the coterminous United States, we recognize five different land protection communities. Two land protection communities occur in areas with low human population size at higher elevations and include a large amount of protected land primarily under federal management. These two community types are differentiated from one another by the particular federal agencies involved, the relative contributions of smaller actors, and the amount of protection by designations vs. conservation easements or covenants. Three remaining land protection communities have less overall protection. Land in one community is primarily protected by federally managed rental contracts and government managed easements; another is managed by a diversity of non‐federal actors through fee‐ownership and easements; and the third stands out for having the lowest amount of formally recorded protection overall. High elevation and poor quality soils are over‐represented in U.S. protected lands. Rental contracts help fill in gaps in counties with high productivity soil while the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fills in gaps in low‐elevation counties. Counties with large numbers of threatened species have more and stricter protection, particularly by regional entities like water management districts. The ability to synthesize and map land protection communities can help conservation planners tailor interventions to local contexts, position local agencies to approach collaborations more strategically, and suggest new hypotheses for researchers regarding interactions among different protection mechanisms.

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Conservation Credits—Evolution of a Market-Oriented Approach to Recovery of Species of Concern on Private Land

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Integrating Agriculture and Ecosystems to Find Suitable Adaptations to Climate Change

Integrating Agriculture and Ecosystems to Find Suitable Adaptations to Climate Change

Uncovering opportunities for effective species conservation banking requires navigating technical and practical complexities

Protected area, easement, and rental contract data reveal five communities of land protection in the United States

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