Conservation and Novelty in the Evolution of Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix Genes

Hutter, Harald; Vogel, Bruce E.; Plenefisch, John; Norris, Carolyn; Proenca, Rui B.; Strouboulis, John; Guo, Chao-Bo; Mastwal, Surjeet; Zhu, Xiaoping; Scheel, Jochen; Hedgecock, Edward M.

doi:10.1126/science.287.5455.989

Cited by 250 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Among them are the basement membrane collagens IV, XV, and XVIII, which possess C-terminal globular domains (NC1) that recently have been implicated in angiogenesis control as reviewed in (7 ). Homologs of these collagens have been also identified in C. elegans (8) and Drosophila, indicating ancient functions not necessarily related to vessel growth. Collagens XV and XVIII are classified together as the subfamily of multiplexins: they share a central collagen triple-helix with typical Gly-X-Y sequence repeats that is frequently interrupted by short nontriplet sequences (Fig.…”

Section: Collagens XV and Xviiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Function of Collagen‐Derived Endostatin Inhibitors of Angiogenesis

2002

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Section: Collagens XV and Xviiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Function of Collagen‐Derived Endostatin Inhibitors of Angiogenesis

2002

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“…Individual cell adhesion and ECM-associated domains in the M. brevicollis genome often occur in unique arrangements, and clear orthologues of specific metazoan adhesion proteins are rarely found. Although the domains associated with metazoan adhesion and ECM proteins were present in the ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoans, the canonical metazoan adhesion protein architectures 35 …”

Section: Extracellular-matrix-associated Protein Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gene structure and intron evolution The ,41.6 megabase (Mb) M. brevicollis genome contains approximately 9,200 genes (Supplementary Notes 1 and 2) and is comparable in size to the genomes of filamentous fungi (,30-40 Mb) and other free-living unicellular eukaryotes (for example, small diatoms at , [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and ichthyosporeans at ,20-25 Mb 21 ). Metazoan genomes are typically larger, with few exceptions 22 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoans

King

Westbrook²,

Young³

et al. 2008

Nature

1,027

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Choanoflagellates are the closest known relatives of metazoans. To discover potential molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of metazoan multicellularity, we sequenced and analysed the genome of the unicellular choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis. The genome contains approximately 9,200 intron-rich genes, including a number that encode cell adhesion and signalling protein domains that are otherwise restricted to metazoans. Here we show that the physical linkages among protein domains often differ between M. brevicollis and metazoans, suggesting that abundant domain shuffling followed the separation of the choanoflagellate and metazoan lineages. The completion of the M. brevicollis genome allows us to reconstruct with increasing resolution the genomic changes that accompanied the origin of metazoans.Choanoflagellates have long fascinated evolutionary biologists for their marked similarity to the 'feeding cells' (choanocytes) of sponges and the possibility that they might represent the closest living relatives of metazoans 1,2 . Over the past decade or so, evidence supporting this relationship has accumulated from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes [3][4][5][6] , comparative genomics between the mitochondrial genomes of choanoflagellates, sponges and other metazoans 7,8 , and the finding that choanoflagellates express homologues of metazoan signalling and adhesion genes 9-12 . Furthermore, species-rich phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that choanoflagellates are not derived from metazoans, but instead represent a distinct lineage that evolved before the origin and diversification of metazoans (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Fig. 1 and Supplementary Note 3.1) 8,13 . By virtue of their position on the tree of life, studies of choanoflagellates provide an unparallelled window into the nature of the unicellular and colonial progenitors of metazoans 14 .Choanoflagellates are abundant and globally distributed microbial eukaryotes found in marine and freshwater environments 15,16 . Like sponge choanocytes, each cell bears an apical flagellum surrounded by a distinctive collar of actin-filled microvilli, with which choanoflagellates trap bacteria and detritus (Fig. 1b). Using this highly effective means of prey capture, choanoflagellates link bacteria to higher trophic levels and thus have critical roles in oceanic carbon cycling and in the microbial food web 17,18 .More than 125 choanoflagellate species have been identified, and all species have a unicellular life-history stage. Some can also form simple colonies of equipotent cells, although these differ substantially from the obligate associations of differentiated cells in metazoans 19 . Studies of basal metazoans indicate that the ancestral metazoan was multicellular and had differentiated cell types, an epithelium, a body plan and regulated development including gastrulation. In contrast, the last common ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoans was unicellular or possibly capable of forming simple colonies, underscoring the abundant biologi...

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“…A minimally immunogenic scaffold with a native intact structure for new tissue regeneration may be produced in that the ECM proteins are the most conserved proteins. 2 The initial applications of the decellularization matrix have been demonstrated only for the hollow organs or thin layer of tissues, such as bladder, artery, esophagus, trachea, and skin. [3][4][5][6][7] Ott et al reported that they constructed a heart by using a rat's decellularized heart scaffold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte Culture in Autologous Decellularized Spleen Matrix

Gao¹,

Xiang³

et al. 2015

Organogenesis

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ABSTRACT. Background and Aims: Using decellularized scaffold to reengineer liver tissue is a promising alternative therapy for end-stage liver diseases. Though the decellularized human liver matrix is the ideal scaffold for reconstruction of the liver theoretically, the shortage of liver donors is still an obstacle for potential clinical application. Therefore, an appropriate alternative scaffold is needed. In the present study, we used a tissue engineering approach to prepare a rat decellularized spleen matrix (DSM) and evaluate the effectiveness of this DSM for primary rat hepatocytes culture. Methods: Rat decellularized spleen matrix (DSM) was prepared by perfusion of a series of detergents through spleen vasculature. DSM was characterized by residual DNA and specific extracellular matrix distribution. Thereafter, primary rat hepatocytes were cultured in the DSM in a 3-dimensional dynamic culture system, and liver cell survival and biological functions were evaluated by comparison with 3-dimensional sandwich culture and also with cultured in decellularized liver matrix (DLM). Results: Our research found that DSM did not exhibit any cellular components, but preserved the main extracellular matrix and the intact vasculature evaluated by DNA detection, histology, immunohistochemical staining, vessel corrosion cast and upright metallurgical microscope. *Correspondence to: Yi Lv; Email: luyi169@126.com Received July 7, 2014; Revised September 10, 2014; Accepted January 18, 2015.16 Organogenesis, 11:16-29, 2015 Ó 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1547-6278 print / 1555-8592 online DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015 Moreover, the method of DSM preparation procedure was relatively simple with high success rate (100%). After seeding primary hepatocytes in DSM, the cultured hepatocytes survived inside DSM with albumin synthesis and urea secretion within 10 d. Additionally, hepatocytes in dynamic culture medium had better biological functions at day 10 than that in sandwich culture. Albumin synthesis was 85.67 § 6.34 mg/10 7 cell/24h in dynamic culture in DSM compared to 62.43 § 4.59 mg/10 7 cell/ 24h in sandwich culture (P < 0.01) and to 87.54 § 5.25 mg/10 7 cell/24h in DLM culture (P > 0.05); urea release was 32.14 § 8.62 mg/10 7 cell/24h in dynamic culture in DSM compared to 20.47 § 4.98 mg/10 7 cell/24h in sandwich culture (P < 0.05) and to 37.38 § 7.29 mg/10 7 cell/24h cultured in DLM (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that DSM can be prepared successfully using a tissue engineering approach. The DSM is an appropriate scaffold for primary hepatocytes culture.

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Conservation and Novelty in the Evolution of Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix Genes

Cited by 250 publications

References 68 publications

Structure and Function of Collagen‐Derived Endostatin Inhibitors of Angiogenesis

Structure and Function of Collagen‐Derived Endostatin Inhibitors of Angiogenesis

The genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoans

Hepatocyte Culture in Autologous Decellularized Spleen Matrix

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