Conservation and development of human resources through the return migration policy

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of return migration policy based on its information support, including regression analysis and authors’ sociological research on return intentions of Ukrainian migrants.
 Methodology / approach. The mathematical tools were used for the assessment of Ukraine’s economical losses, related to migration. With the help of the sociological method (survey) migrants’ intentions and main motives to return were investigated. Stepwise regression model was built for identification of main factors of Ukrainian population’s international migration. Besides, general scientific methods were used in the study, such as: analysis, generalization, systematization, tabular and graphical.
 Results. Analysis showed the lack of statistical and sociological information on international migration (particularly return migration) of Ukrainian population. It substantiates the need for improving the system of information provision of migration policy. The results of the survey of the migrants from the Carpathian region of Ukraine (conducted in 2020) show low level of their readiness to return. According to the answers to the questionnaire, there are two main circumstances that could motivate migrants to return: high level of wages and general improving of economic situation in Ukraine. Due to the regression model it was found that the emigration of the population is influenced by the following factors: average monthly wages, gross regional product per capita, foreign direct investment per economically active person and the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level. The article provides main benefits and ways of implementation of the return migration policy. Particularly, circular migration is considered as a good way to slow down losses of human resources. It is beneficial for all institutional units of the migration process.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The methodology for the consequences of international migration study is improved. In particular, the formula for determination of migration losses through the calculation of economic activity losses is proposed and calculated for the first time. The theoretical foundation of return migration policy is developed. In particular, the model of return migration process on the individual level is elaborated. The sociological tool for the return migration investigation is developed and tested.
 Practical value / implications. The practical recommendations for the human resources conservation are worked out. The questions for the survey, developed by the authors, could be used in further investigations in this issue. The model of return migration process is useful for developing a comprehensive return migration policy, which could support migrants at all stages of this process: decisions making, movement and reintegration.

Role of Economic Instability, Political Instability, and Foreign Job Opportunities on Brain Drain: Perception of Business Students

“…A study revealed that the key problem of brain drain is the economic policy that the existing government hold practically. Likewise, other studies confirmed that the economic policy surely strengthens the country's economy and may avoid the problem of brain drain within the country (Torbat, 2012;Ben-David, 2009;Dohlman et al, 2019;Ryndzak, O., & Bachynska, M., 2022) recently graduating individuals involved in thinking about brain drain activity and emigration after completion of their education to search for jobs in host countries (Yin & Yeakey, 2019;Vincent, E. A., 2022). In developing countries, a common problem has been noticed that the students, after their tertiary education, move to developed countries due to political instability and better job opportunities which are matching their skills and formal education, for instance, Doctor and Engineers, etc.…”