Conservation and Access to Sugarbeet Germplasm

Frèse, L.

doi:10.1007/s12355-010-0054-0

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sugar beet is a plant in the Amaranthaceae family that is a crop of high global importance, as it is the major source of sugar in temperate zones. It provides up to 30% of the world’s annual sugar production (Dohm et al 2013; Frese 2010; Blunk et al 2018). In sugar beet, red beet, spinach, and other Amaranthaceae food and feed crops, the harvested “seed” is botanically a fruit, consisting of the true seed surrounded by the fruit coat (pericarp), derived from the carpels, and the incorporation of other parts of the flower (Artschwager 1927; Hermann et al 2007; Lukaszewska and Sliwinska 2007; Deleuran et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

Ignatz

Hourston

Turečková

et al. 2019

Planta

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Main conclusionSeed-processing technologies such as polishing and washing enhance crop seed quality by limited removal of the outer layers and by leaching. Combined, this removes chemical compounds that inhibit germination.AbstractIndustrial processing to deliver high-quality commercial seed includes removing chemical inhibitors of germination, and is essential to produce fresh sprouts, achieve vigorous crop establishment, and high yield potential in the field. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima Doell.), the main sugar source of the temperate agricultural zone, routinely undergoes several processing steps during seed production to improve germination performance and seedling growth. Germination assays and seedling phenotyping was carried out on unprocessed, and processed (polished and washed) sugar beet fruits. Pericarp-derived solutes, known to inhibit germination, were tested in germination assays and their osmolality and conductivity assessed (ions). Abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were quantified in both the true seed and pericarp tissue using UPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Physical changes in the pericarp structures were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that polishing and washing of the sugar beet fruits both had a positive effect on germination performance and seedling phenotype, and when combined, this positive effect was stronger. The mechanical action of polishing removed the outer pericarp (fruit coat) tissue (parenchyma), leaving the inner tissue (sclerenchyma) unaltered, as revealed by SEM. Polishing as well as washing removed germination inhibitors from the pericarp, specifically, ABA, ABA metabolites, and ions. Understanding the biochemistry underpinning the effectiveness of these processing treatments is key to driving further innovations in commercial seed quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

Ignatz

Hourston

Turečková

et al. 2019

Planta

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“…It is one of the most important crops in terms of metric tonnage (about 140 Mt in year 2000) and accounts for approximately one‐fourth of the world's sugar production (Draycott, ). The closest wild relatives of the sugar beet in terms of genetics and breeding are plants of the genus Beta section Beta (Frese, ). In particular, the sea beet B. vulgaris subsp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting genotype environmental range from genome–environment associations

Manel

Andrello

Henry³

et al. 2018

Molecular Ecology

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Genome-environment association methods aim to detect genetic markers associated with environmental variables. The detected associations are usually analysed separately to identify the genomic regions involved in local adaptation. However, a recent study suggests that single-locus associations can be combined and used in a predictive way to estimate environmental variables for new individuals on the basis of their genotypes. Here, we introduce an original approach to predict the environmental range (values and upper and lower limits) of species genotypes from the genetic markers significantly associated with those environmental variables in an independent set of individuals. We illustrate this approach to predict aridity in a database constituted of 950 individuals of wild beets and 299 individuals of cultivated beets genotyped at 14,409 random single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We detected 66 alleles associated with aridity and used them to calculate the fraction (I) of aridity-associated alleles in each individual. The fraction I correctly predicted the values of aridity in an independent validation set of wild individuals and was then used to predict aridity in the 299 cultivated individuals. Wild individuals had higher median values and a wider range of values of aridity than the cultivated individuals, suggesting that wild individuals have higher ability to resist to stress-aridity conditions and could be used to improve the resistance of cultivated varieties to aridity.

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“…The taxonomic inconsistencies within the subfamily Betoideae have been reported (e.g., Ford-Lloyd, 2005 ; Hohmann et al, 2006 ) repeatedly (see Table 1 ). While the taxonomy of Beta section Beta is settled, uncertainties still exists with respect to section Corollinae and the genus Patellifolia (former Beta section Procumbentes ) (Frese, 2010 ; Frese et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Cwr For Sugar Beet Improvement: Current Status and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Genomic Tools to Asssist Sugar Beet Improvement: The Value of the Crop Wild Relatives

et al. 2018

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) is one of the most important European crops for both food and sugar production. Crop improvement has been developed to enhance productivity, sugar content or other breeder's desirable traits. The introgression of traits from Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) has been done essentially for lessening biotic stresses constraints, namely using Beta and Patellifolia species which exhibit disease resistance characteristics. Several studies have addressed crop-to-wild gene flow, yet, for breeding programs genetic variability associated with agronomically important traits remains unexplored regarding abiotic factors. To accomplish such association from phenotype-to-genotype, screening for wild relatives occurring in habitats where selective pressures are in play (i.e., populations in salt marshes for salinity tolerance; populations subjected to pathogen attacks and likely evolved resistance to pathogens) are the most appropriate streamline to identify causal genetic information. By selecting sugar beet CWR species based on genomic tools, rather than random variations, is a promising but still seldom explored route toward the development of improved crops. In this perspective, a viable streamline for sugar beet improvement is proposed through the use of different genomic tools by recurring to sugar beet CWRs and focusing on agronomic traits associated with abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, identification of genomic and epigenomic landscapes associated to adaptive ecotypes, along with the cytogenetic and habitat characterization of sugar beet CWR, will enable to identify potential hotspots for agrobiodiversity of sugar beet crop improvement toward abiotic stress tolerance.

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Conservation and Access to Sugarbeet Germplasm

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

Predicting genotype environmental range from genome–environment associations

Genetic and Genomic Tools to Asssist Sugar Beet Improvement: The Value of the Crop Wild Relatives

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