Conservation agriculture in semi-arid area of Indonesia: lesson learnt to increase maize production and farmers’ awareness on environmental friendly land management

Ngongo, Yohanis; Irawan, Irawan; Haryati, Umi

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012030

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1323/1/012007 2 Semi-arid areas have less vegetation cover and erratic rainfall. It is prone to unfriendly agricultural and land management [11,12] and environmental changes [13]. Climate change and human activities can lead to a change in the aridity level in semi-arid areas and changes in the structure and functioning of dryland ecosystems [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toddy trees and rice-farms: understanding their support to ecology and livelihoods in Rote island

Koeslulat,

Kotta,

Ngongo

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The Toddy palm (Borassuss flabellifer, L.) plays a role as a staple food for the Rotenese on Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). Over decades, the national rice-bias policy in agricultural development has had an impact on changes in people’s food consumption, including Rotenese. The study aims to identify the Toddy palm’s changing area, a livelihood shift strategy related to those changes, and the economic and ecological support of toddy palm and rice crops for Rotenese’s livelihood. The methodology was a literature study and a survey with interviews of 15 toddy-rice farmers. The study revealed that farmers did not convert any toddy land because of expanding the rice area. Livelihood strategies are more carried out because of changes in farmers’ age than because of changes in land area. Changing was more on toddy’s product diversification. Toddy-rice crop farming has been proven to bring economic and ecological benefits to people on Rote Island. The decline in sap tappers numbers requires modern tapping technology to attract younger generations. The paper highlighted that it is important to maintain and preserve the toddy palm population/areas to guarantee food security and livelihoods for local communities that are highly dependent on it.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toddy trees and rice-farms: understanding their support to ecology and livelihoods in Rote island

Koeslulat,

Kotta,

Ngongo

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Corn has long been a dietary cornerstone for the Timorese people, playing a vital role in the region's culinary heritage [1,2]. Indigenous communities in Timor have cultivated an array of corn varieties for generations, each contributing to the rich tapestry of local cuisine [3,4]. This adaptable grain appears in Timorese cuisine in a variety of forms, from steamed and boiled to roasted and processed into flour for a wide range of traditional recipes [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, preparing bose corn presents certain difficulties, owing to the high amylose content of the indigenous corn varieties employed [3,7]. Because of the high amylose content, the cooking procedure takes a long time and requires patience [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization were used as Bose Corn instantiation techniques

Hamaisa,

Estiasih,

Putri

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The province of East Nusa Tenggara is an archipelago province. Timor Island is one of the islands in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, where most of the population consumes corn as a staple food besides rice. The typical food on Timor Island, known since ancient times, is Bose Corn. The Bose corn cooking procedure is time-consuming and water-intensive. Timor Island is an area with dry land and a dry climate. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce technology that can shorten the cooking time by using less water. The instantiation process of bose corn using nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization methods is used as a technology to overcome this problem. The nixtamalization method using 0.4% (w/v) Ca(OH)2 in the steeping time treatment (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours) showed an increase in the color components (brightness, redness, and yellowness) in a raw and cooked instant bose corn. The grain yield of instant bose corn experienced a significant increase, namely 53.63% in the treatment without steeping time (0 hours) to 72.21% in the treatment of 10 hours steeping time. Water absorption increased to 352.36% at a steeping time of 6 hours but decreased to 320.17% at 10 hours of steeping time. Instantiation of bose corn using the pre-gelatinization method with different treatments of cooking time (60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes) showed almost the same brightness value in raw and cooked instant bose corn. Differences in the color components redness and yellowness are indicated by the color towards yellowish red on raw instant bose corn and the color towards yellowish green on cooked instant bose corn. The grain yield of instant bose corn in large the pre-gelatinization method decreased significantly with the cooking time, namely 91.38% at 60 minutes to 75.23% at 180 minutes. The water absorption capacity of instant bose corn has increased but not significantly. It proves that the discoloration of instant bose corn in raw and cooked conditions using nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization methods was not significantly different. The grain yields produced from these two methods have no significant difference in water absorption. Thus, these two instantiation methods can be applied to the people of the island of Timor to make instant bose corn.

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“…Therefore, what farmers do to deal with regional biophysical conditions like this is an adaptation strategy in farming, namely the formation of specific types of local farming systems. This adaptation strategy is concerned with minimizing the risk for farmers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Existence of Farming Types in Dryland Agriculture in Timor, Indonesia

Basuki¹,

Hau²,

Nulik³

et al. 2022

Advances in Biological Sciences Research

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Timor Island is part of the East Nusa Tenggara province in Southeast Indonesia. This island is one of several large islands in East Nusa Tenggara which is climatologically included in the semi-arid area. The agroecological conditions have formed a specific dry climate dry land farming system. This study has been carried out to get an idea of the farming type within the scope of the farming system in Timor Island. This study used a survey method by collecting data and information on 370 farmers as respondents as randomly selected and assisted by a list of prepared questions. The data and information were covered the following aspects: (i). farmer characteristics; (ii). type of farming and orientation; (iv). commodity types and cropping pattern (v). planting patterns and cropping calendars, and (vi). farm management. Furthermore, all the data and information were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. It was concluded that most types of farming in East Nusa Tenggara are mixed farming, where this type of farming cultivates several commodities including livestock in one or several farming locations. This type of farming is part of an adaptation strategy to the agroecological environment in a semi-arid area by local farmers. At this stage, the farming orientation has shifted from previously being subsistence to a slight change towards commercial orientation. However, the farm performance was still classified as unproductive. This farming hasfaced with some challenges, namely the limited productive workforce, very simple cultivation management and not supported by cultivation technology/innovation, and the lack of available capital. There are no visible signs of an Integrated Farming System (IFS), even though IFS components are available for use.

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Conservation agriculture in semi-arid area of Indonesia: lesson learnt to increase maize production and farmers’ awareness on environmental friendly land management

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Toddy trees and rice-farms: understanding their support to ecology and livelihoods in Rote island

Toddy trees and rice-farms: understanding their support to ecology and livelihoods in Rote island

On Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization were used as Bose Corn instantiation techniques

The Existence of Farming Types in Dryland Agriculture in Timor, Indonesia

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