Conservation agriculture in an irrigated cotton–wheat system of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains: Crop and water productivity and economic profitability

Das, Tapas K.; Bhattacharyya, Ranjan; Sudhishri, S.; Sharma, Ananya; Saharawat, Yashpal; Bandyopadhyay, K. K.; Sepat, Seema; Bana, Ram Swaroop; Aggarwal, Pramila; Sharma, Rajvir; Bhatia, Arti; Singh, Geeta; Datta, S. P.; Kar, Amit; Singh, B. D.; Singh, Priti; Pathak, Himanshu; Vyas, A. K.; Jat, M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.017

Cited by 130 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Fresh raisedbeds were prepared under PBB and PNB in 2010 with a bed planter, while the beds were reshaped once a year before sowing of cotton using a bed planter. Other details of the experiment are presented by Das et al (2014) and Mishra et al (2015).…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irrigation water depth applied to each experimental plot was usually measured four times during each irrigation period using a digital velocity meter and the wetted area of the field channel. The details of the measurement procedure are given in Das et al (2014). In 2012, total irrigation water applied (including a pre-sowing irrigation) during the entire cotton crop in the plots under CT, PNB, PNB + R, PBB, PBB + R, ZT + R and ZT in 2012 (third year) were 621, 549, 540, 527, 504, 558 and 603 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher Leaf Area Index (LAI) in the soil conservation practices than in the CT plots could be due to the compounded effects of many factors, such as an additional nutrient supply, decreased competition for resources due to a lower weed density, improved soil physical properties and water regimes, better radiation interception, water extraction, aeration and less evaporation in the soil conservation practices compared with the CT plots (Unger et al, 1998;Bhattacharya et al, 2012Bhattacharya et al, , 2013Das et al, 2014). Soil structure affects crop yield through a complex of root-based mechanisms, that in turn affect above-ground biomass (Passioura, 2002).…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 120 DAS (Das et al, 2014) in 2012. A Point Quantum Sensor (Apogee; Model MQ-200) was used to measure incident and intercepted photo synthetically active radiation (PAR) by cotton canopy.…”

Section: Leaf Area Index and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (Par)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is already greater emphasis on crop diversification, due to growing concerns about the unsustainability of the ricewheat system in this region (Bhandari et al, 2003;Aggarwal et al, 2004). In this context, a crop such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has emerged as a promising alternative to rice in the Kharif (rainy) season (Das et al, 2014). In this region, especially in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan, >95% of the area of rice and wheat area under irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Aggarwal

Bhattacharyya

Mishra

et al. 2017

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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A B S T R A C TAlthough soil conservation practices are being promoted as better environmental protection technologies than traditional farmers' practice, limited information is available on how these practices affect soil water balance and root water uptake. The root water uptake (RWU) patterns of cotton grown under soil conservation practices and soil water balance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fieldsunder a cotton-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system were analyzed using the Hydrus-2D model. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), permanent narrow beds (PNB), permanent broad beds (PBB), ZT with residue (ZT + R), PNB with residue (PNB + R) and PBB with residue (PBB + R). Results in the third year of the cotton crop indicated that the surface (0-15 cm layer) field saturated hydraulic conductivity in both PNB and PBB plots were similar and were significantly higher than in the ZT plots. Computed potential transpiration rates (T rp ) under CT were lower than in other treatments, due to less radiation interception and lower Leaf Area Index (LAI). Both PNB and PBB plots had higher T rp and crop yields than CT plots, which were further improved by residue retention. Predicted soil water content (SWC) patterns during the simulation periods of third and fourth years showed strong correlation (R 2 = 0.88, n = 105, P < 0.001, the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.025, and the average relative error (AVE) = 7.5% for the third year and R 2 = 0.81, n = 105, P < 0.001, RMSE = 0.021, and AVE = 9% for the fourth year) with the actual field measured SWCs. Cumulative RWU (mm) were in the order: ZT (143) < CT (157) < PNB (163) < ZT + R (174) < PBB (188) < PNB + R (198) < PBB + R (226). Thus, PBB + R and PNB + R practices could be adopted for cotton cultivation, as these enhanced root growth and improved radiation interception and LAI. The Hydrus-2D model may be adopted for managing efficient water use, as it can simulate the temporal changes in SWC and actual transpiration rates of a crop/cropping system.

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Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaf Area Index and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (Par)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Aggarwal

Bhattacharyya

Mishra

et al. 2017

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Irrigation and conservation agricultural practices improve crop yield, water productivity and energetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Vertisols of central India

Sawant

Singh

et al. 2023

Irrigation and Drainage

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The identification of suitable conservation agricultural (CA) practices plays a significant role in global food security. A 3-year (2018-2020) field experiment was conducted in Vertisols of the semi-arid tropics of central India to investigate the effects of CA practices and irrigation methods on the yield, water productivity (WP) and energetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A split-split plot design was used with three treatments, namely, two irrigation methods (sprinkler and furrow), three residue loads (30%, 60% and 100%) and three planting methods (broad-bed shaper-cum-planter [BBSP], zero-till planter and seed-cum-fertilizer drill) with three replications each. Sprinkler irrigation significantly improved chickpea seed yield by 2% and 5% in the second (1566 kg ha À1 ) and third years (1555 kg ha À1 ) compared to furrow irrigation.During the three experimental years, the WP of chickpeas under sprinkler irrigation was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) by 31%, 34% and 35% compared to that under furrow irrigation. Irrigation (6027 MJ ha À1 ), fertilization (1805 MJ ha À1 ) and planting (1615 MJ ha À1 ) accounted for 63%-68% of the total energy input in chickpea production. Under CA practices, it is recommended that higher returns be achieved using BBSP and a 100% residue load with sprinkler irrigation.

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Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: A review

Meena,

Karnam,

Sujatha

et al. 2023

Irrigation and Drainage

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The global population is constantly increasing, reached 8 billion in November 2022 and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2037. This increased population is expected to increase the demand for food, clothing and shelter, which in turn are heavily dependent on limited water resources. The available freshwater resources for agricultural use are further declining due to overexploitation and changing climate in the major food baskets of the world. This increasing water scarcity is exacerbated by expanding cities due to increasing urbanization. This calls for a new look at the allocation of water to agriculture. Therefore, the development of new strategies to improve agricultural water use may serve as an important adaptation strategy. This review attempts to include a comprehensive review of the literature on (i) the status and definition of water productivity and (ii) factors responsible for low water productivity (WP) in Asian agriculture. Furthermore, it contains practical approaches to enhance water use efficiency at the farm level covering all field crops and a range of soil types, which include (i) agronomic interventions; (ii) genetic interventions, such as the identification and cultivation of crop cultivars with high WP; and (iii) genotype, environment and crop management interactions for higher WP.

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Conservation agriculture in an irrigated cotton–wheat system of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains: Crop and water productivity and economic profitability

Cited by 130 publications

References 37 publications

Modelling soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Modelling soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Irrigation and conservation agricultural practices improve crop yield, water productivity and energetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Vertisols of central India

Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: A review

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