Conservation agriculture-based resource-conserving practices and weed management in the rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Malik, R. K.; Kumar, Virender; McDonald, Andrew J.

doi:10.5958/0974-8164.2018.00051.5

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Some researchers also argue that certain cropping systems may be more successful than others in resisting invasion and provide ecological control [41]. Compared to manual uprooting and chemical control, ecological control clearly has the potential to provide a more sustainable management option for growers, as shown in the present study and other related studies [42,43]. Our research revealed that rapeseed can significantly restrain growth, reduce seed number and increase germination time of P. minor.…”

Section: Effects Of Crop Types and Tillage Methods On Physiological Tsupporting

confidence: 71%

Designing Cropping Systems to Improve the Management of the Invasive Weed Phalaris minor Retz.

Shen

Yun

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Because cropping systems can greatly affect the establishment and spread of alien species populations, the design of cropping systems to control invasive weeds is an important approach for invasive species management in agro-ecosystems to avoid excessive increases in other control measures such as herbicides. The annual weed Phalaris minor Retz. (P. minor) is one of the most troublesome invasive weed species of winter crops in Yunnan Province, China, but the development of cropping systems for ecological control of this weed have received limited research attention. Here, we studied seed dormancy, germination characteristics and reproductive responses of P. minor to various cropping systems to show how cropping systems could be better designed to control P. minor in China. Our research showed that cropping systems significantly affected seed dormancy in submerged paddy fields. Phalaris minor seed remained dormant and the germination rates (less than 10%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in maize fields and dry, bare soil conditions. Wheat, faba bean and rapeseed crops had no significant influence (p < 0.05) on the seed germination rate of P. minor, but increasing soil depth significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the germination rate and germination index of this weed. Total biomass, spike biomass, spike number and seed number of P. minor were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing proportions of the three crops (wheat, faba bean and rapeseed), with rapeseed having the strongest inhibition effects among the three crops. The reproductive allocation and reproductive investment of P. minor were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in mixed culture with wheat and rapeseed. With increasing proportions of wheat or rapeseed, the specific leaf area of P. minor significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the reverse was true for leaf area and specific leaf weight. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate for P. minor also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when grown with wheat or rapeseed. These results suggest that optimal cropping systems design could involve planting rapeseed in conjunction with deep plowing and planting rice (continuous submergence underwater) in summer. Such a system could reduce the field populations and seed bank of P. minor, thus providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly means of suppressing P. minor.

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Section: Effects Of Crop Types and Tillage Methods On Physiological Tsupporting

confidence: 71%

Designing Cropping Systems to Improve the Management of the Invasive Weed Phalaris minor Retz.

Shen

Yun

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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“…Limited soil inversion, the retention of mulch on the soil surface, and diversification of crops often lead to shifts in weed communities, species distribution, densities, and composition and hence require new management strategies for the new weed spectrum (Mhlanga et al, 2015). For example, due to reduced tillage, weeds that propagate through rhizomes such as couch grass ( Cynodon dactylon L.) are promoted since they are not disturbed at all and yet such weeds are very difficult to control and affect crop productivity (Malik et al, 2014).…”

Section: Weeds and Their Control - Herbicides The ‘Achilles Heel’ Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Unanswered questions and unquestioned answers: the challenges of crop residue retention and weed control in Conservation Agriculture systems of southern Africa

Thierfelder,

Mhlanga,

Ngoma

et al. 2024

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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Production and utilization of crop residues as mulch and effective weed management are two central elements in the successful implementation of Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems in southern Africa. Yet, the challenges of crop residue availability for mulch or the difficulties in managing weed proliferation in CA systems are bigger than a micro-level focus on weeds and crop residues themselves. The bottlenecks are symptoms of broader systemic complications that cannot be resolved without appreciating the interactions between the current scientific understanding of CA and its application in smallholder systems, private incentives, social norms, institutions, and government policy. In this paper, we elucidate a series of areas that represent some unquestioned answers about chemical weed control and unanswered questions about how to maintain groundcover demanding more research along the natural and social sciences continuum. In some communities, traditional rules that allow free-range grazing of livestock after harvesting present a barrier in surface crop residue management. On the other hand, many of the communities either burn, remove, or incorporate the residues into the soil thus hindering the near-permanent soil cover required in CA systems. The lack of soil cover also means that weed management through soil mulch is unachievable. Herbicides are often a successful stopgap solution to weed control, but they are costly, and most farmers do not use them as recommended, which reduces efficacy. Besides, the use of herbicides can cause environmental hazards and may affect human health. Here, we suggest further assessment of the manipulation of crop competition, the use of vigorously growing cover crops, exploration of allelopathy, and use of microorganisms in managing weeds and reducing seed production to deplete the soil weed seed bank. We also suggest in situ production of plant biomass, use of unpalatable species for mulch generation and change of grazing by-laws towards a holistic management of pastures to reduce the competition for crop residues. However, these depend on the socio-economic status dynamics at farmer and community level.

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“…Raised bed planting for solanaceous crops in many parts of the world is gaining importance (Sayre, 2007). It can save 25-30% irrigation water, increasing water use efficiency (Hassan et al, 2005;Malik et al, 2005;Choudhary et al, 2008;Ahmad et al, 2009) and providing better opportunities to leach salts from the furrows (Bakker et al, 2010). Sometimes, many of the farmers can't able to provide irrigation due to unavailability of irrigation facilities or even can't afford the expenses of irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of different agro-techniques on growth, yield and disease incidence on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.) crop of north western Himalayan region

Shilpa

Bijalwan

Shukla

2023

ECJ

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A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19)with 12 treatment combinations at Vegetable Research Farm, Nauni, Solan with an objective to study the effects of different planting methods, mulches and training systems on flowering, fruiting, yield and incidence of diseases of tomato (Solanum Lycopsersicum L.) var. Solan Lalima. Plants grown on raised beds had minimum incidence of buckeye rot (4.19%), severity of Alternaria leaf blight (3.80%), incidence of bacterial leaf spot (2.38%) and incidence of Fusarium wilt (3.45%) and higher yield per plot (127.57 kg) and per hectare (899.96 q). Black polythene mulch responded best for lower incidence of buckeye rot (4.45%), severity of Alternaria leaf blight (4.01%), incidence of bacterial leaf spot (2.47%) and incidence of Fusarium wilt (3.62%) and higher yield per plot (129.42 kg) and per hectare (913.05 q), respectively. T1 also recorded lower incidence of buckeye rot (4.09%), severity of Alternaria leaf blight (3.67%), incidence of bacterial leaf spot (2.33%) and incidence of Fusarium wilt (3.36%) and higher yield per plot (46.46 kg) and per hectare (327.74 q). Regarding consortium effect, the minimum incidence of buckeye rot (3.46%), severity of Alternaria leaf blight (2.80%), incidence of bacterial leaf spot (1.84%) and incidence of Fusarium wilt (2.60%) disease was recorded in P1M1T1 treatment combination (raised bed + black polythene mulch + two stem training system). This combination was also better for all the growth and yield contributing characters.

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Conservation agriculture-based resource-conserving practices and weed management in the rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Designing Cropping Systems to Improve the Management of the Invasive Weed Phalaris minor Retz.

Designing Cropping Systems to Improve the Management of the Invasive Weed Phalaris minor Retz.

Unanswered questions and unquestioned answers: the challenges of crop residue retention and weed control in Conservation Agriculture systems of southern Africa

Efficacy of different agro-techniques on growth, yield and disease incidence on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.) crop of north western Himalayan region

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