Conséquences psychologiques des massacres de 1994 au Rwanda

Sydor, Guy; Philippot, Pierre

doi:10.7202/032389ar

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In a study on a general sample of Rwandan youth interviewed during the direct aftermath of the genocide, Neugebauer et al [39] reported a PTSD rate of 62%. Recent research on vulnerable groups such as orphans showed lower PTSD rates, between 24% and 34% [5,7,40]. With regard to those born before 1994, our sample of descendants of survivors manifested a similar level of PTSD to those reported by these last studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Rwanda – lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children

Rieder

Elbert

2013

Confl Health

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BackgroundThe 1994 genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda left about one million people dead in a period of only three months. The present study aimed to examine the level of trauma exposure, psychopathology, and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors and former prisoners accused of participation in the genocide as well as in their respective descendants.MethodsA community-based survey was conducted in four sectors of the Muhanga district in the Southern Province of Rwanda from May to July 2010. Genocide survivors (n = 90), former prisoners (n = 83) and their respective descendants were interviewed by trained local psychologists. The PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (PSS-I) was used to assess PTSD, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety and the relevant section of the M.I.N.I. to assess the risk for suicidality.ResultsSurvivors reported that they had experienced on average twelve different traumatic event types in comparison to ten different types of traumatic stressors in the group of former prisoners. According to the PSS-I, the worst events reported by survivors were mainly linked to witnessing violence throughout the period of the genocide, whereas former prisoners emphasized being physically attacked, referring to their time spent in refugee camps or to their imprisonment. In the parent generation, when compared to former prisoners, survivors indicated being more affected by depressive symptoms (M = 20.7 (SD = 7.8) versus M = 19.0 (SD = 6.4), U = 2993, p < .05) and anxiety symptoms (M = 17.2 (SD = 7.6) versus M = 15.4 (SD = 7.8), U = 2951, p < .05) but not with regard to the PTSD diagnosis (25% versus 22%, χ2(1,171) = .182, p = .669).A regression analysis of the data of the parent generation revealed that the exposure to traumatic stressors, the level of physical illness and the level of social integration were predictors for the symptom severity of PTSD, whereas economic status, age and gender were not. Descendants of genocide survivors presented with more symptoms than descendants of former prisoners with regard to all assessed mental disorders.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated particular long-term consequences of massive organized violence, such as war and genocide, on mental health and psychosocial conditions. Differences between families of survivors and families of former prisoners accused for participation in the Rwandan genocide are reflected in the mental health of the next generation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Rwanda – lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children

Rieder

Elbert

2013

Confl Health

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“…Psychological preparation for dealing with trauma has proven to be a protective factor in the development of PTSD among victims of torture (Başoğlu et al, 1997) and in nurses engaged in humanitarian missions (Chatelain, Pastore, & Addor, 2014) . However, both military and civilian survivors of the Rwandese genocide showed similar levels of PTSD symptoms (Sydor & Philippot, 1996) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trauma awareness and preparedness: Their influence on posttraumatic stress disorder development related to armed conflict experience

Masika

Leys

Fossion

et al. 2019

Journal of Psychology in Africa

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This study examined influences of trauma awareness and preparedness on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian and military personnel with exposure to the civil war. Participants were 302 people with exposure to civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (civilians = 68%; females = 47%; age range = 16 to 76 years old, SD = 13 .58 years). Participants completed the Posttraumatic Checklist Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Traumatic Events List. The data were analysed to predict PTSD development from trauma awareness and preparedness, taking exposure to multiple traumas into account as a risk factor. Findings suggest that trauma awareness and preparedness play an important role among military personnel in moderating the risk of developing PTSD, more so than among the civilian population. Mental health professionals working with civil war survivors should seek to explore trauma awareness and preparedness as resources for minimising risk for PTSD in armed conflict situations .

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“…The sharing of an emotional episode occurs within a short period of time; in 60% of cases, it occurs on the same day (Rimé et al, 1991). The emotional episode is discussed several times, with the same person or with different people (Sydor and Philippot, 1996). Sharing an emotional experience leads to the reactivation of elements of that experience, so evoking a happy episode is a pleasant experience.…”

Section: Emotion Diffusion Processes Within Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective emotional dynamics: Perspectives for marketing

Didry

Giannelloni

2019

Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition)

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This article focuses on the emotional dynamics at work in a collective experience. It thus fills a gap in research on emotions in the field of marketing, where emotions are usually tackled from an individual perspective. Its contribution is twofold. First, it draws on a review of the existing literature in psychology, social psychology, and sociology in order to identify, define, and characterize the main concepts related to emotions when they are experienced in a collective context. It also builds on this review by distinguishing the processes of emotional transfer from the collective emotional states that result from these transfers. Second, this article shows that the existing marketing literature almost exclusively addresses these topics through the lens of the buyer–seller dyadic relationship. Finally, it proposes further avenues of research that are focused on integrating collective emotional dynamics into marketing research.

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Conséquences psychologiques des massacres de 1994 au Rwanda

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Rwanda – lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children

Rwanda – lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children

Trauma awareness and preparedness: Their influence on posttraumatic stress disorder development related to armed conflict experience

Collective emotional dynamics: Perspectives for marketing

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