Consequences of Suppressing Thoughts about Tinnitus and the Effects of Cognitive Distraction on Brain Activity in Tinnitus Patients

Andersson, Gerhard; Jüris, Linda; Classon, Elisabeth; Fredrikson, Mats; Furmark, Tomas

doi:10.1159/000094460

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Connectivity for components of the dorsal attention system was similar in tinnitus and control groups, indicating that the presence of tinnitus did not affect the ability to voluntarily focus attention, a factor critical to behavioral treatment strategies for tinnitus [2,24,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demonstrations of a role for attention in tinnitus include reductions in experienced tinnitus by training to habituate tinnitus salience and to focus on other sensations [24]. Cognitive distraction also diminishes tinnitus and lowers auditory cortex activity [25]. There is additional evidence that tinnitus sufficiently conflicts with non-auditory sensory processes to alter concentration and focus [26-28], thereby lowering accuracy on attention demanding tasks [15,22,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered networks in bothersome tinnitus: a functional connectivity study

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe objective was to examine functional connectivity linked to the auditory system in patients with bothersome tinnitus. Activity was low frequency (< 0.1 Hz), spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses at rest. The question was whether the experience of chronic bothersome tinnitus induced changes in synaptic efficacy between co-activated components. Functional connectivity for seed regions in auditory, visual, attention, and control networks was computed across all 2 mm3 brain volumes in 17 patients with moderate-severe bothersome tinnitus (Tinnitus Handicap Index: average 53.5 ± 3.6 (range 38-76)) and 17 age-matched controls.ResultsIn bothersome tinnitus, negative correlations reciprocally characterized functional connectivity between auditory and occipital/visual cortex. Negative correlations indicate that when BOLD response magnitudes increased in auditory or visual cortex they decreased in the linked visual or auditory cortex, suggesting reciprocally phase reversed activity between functionally connected locations in tinnitus. Both groups showed similar connectivity with positive correlations within the auditory network. Connectivity for primary visual cortex in tinnitus included extensive negative correlations in the ventral attention temporoparietal junction and in the inferior frontal gyrus and rostral insula - executive control network components. Rostral insula and inferior frontal gyrus connectivity in tinnitus also showed greater negative correlations in occipital cortex.ConclusionsThese results imply that in bothersome tinnitus there is dissociation between activity in auditory cortex and visual, attention and control networks. The reciprocal negative correlations in connectivity between these networks might be maladaptive or reflect adaptations to reduce phantom noise salience and conflict with attention to non-auditory tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered networks in bothersome tinnitus: a functional connectivity study

et al. 2012

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“…factors that affect psychological and emotional well-being (Hiller et al, 1997;Andersson and McKenna, 1998;Andersson et al, 2006). Some people can tolerate their TI and accept it as part of their everyday environment.…”

Section: Neuro-modulatory Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanisms of tinnitus: Perspectives from human functional neuroimaging

2009

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In this review, we highlight the contribution of advances in human neuroimaging to the current understanding of central mechanisms underpinning tinnitus and explain how interpretations of neuroimaging data have been guided by animal models. The primary motivation for studying the neural subtrates of tinnitus in humans has been to demonstrate objectively its representation in the central auditory system and to develop a better understanding of its diverse pathophysiology and of the functional interplay between sensory, cognitive and affective systems. The ultimate goal of neuroimaging is to identify subtypes of tinnitus in order to better inform treatment strategies. The three neural mechanisms considered in this review may provide a basis for TI classification. While human neuroimaging evidence strongly implicates the central auditory system and emotional centres in TI, evidence for the precise contribution from the three mechanisms is unclear because the data are somewhat inconsistent. We consider a number of methodological issues limiting the field of human neuroimaging and recommend approaches to overcome potential inconsistency in results arising from poorly matched participants, lack of appropriate controls and low statistical power. AbstractIn this review, we highlight the contribution of advances in human neuroimaging to the current understanding of central mechanisms underpinning tinnitus and explain how interpretations of neuroimaging data have been guided by animal models. The primary motivation for studying the neural subtrates of tinnitus in humans has been to demonstrate objectively its representation in the central auditory system and to develop a better understanding of its diverse pathophysiology and of the functional interplay between sensory, cognitive and affective systems. The ultimate goal of neuroimaging is to identify subtypes of tinnitus in order to better inform treatment strategies. The three neural mechanisms considered in this review may provide a basis for TI classification. While human neuroimaging evidence strongly implicates the central auditory system and emotional centres in TI, evidence for the precise contribution from the three mechanisms is unclear because the data are somewhat inconsistent. We consider a number of methodological issues limiting the field of human neuroimaging and recommend approaches to overcome potential inconsistency in results arising from poorly matched participants, lack of appropriate controls and low statistical power.

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“…Attention serves to protect the coherence of ongoing action, but leaves open the eventuality of interruption when demands of higher priority are met (Van Damme, Legrain, Vogt, & Crombez, 2010). In doing so, we stress that the processes underlying the attentional effects of pain are normal, generic, and applicable to various experiences (Andersson, Juris, Classon, Fredrikson, & Furmark, 2006;Lewis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pain and Attentional Biasmentioning

confidence: 96%

The experimental analysis of the interruptive, interfering, and identity-distorting effects of chronic pain

Vlaeyen

Morley

Crombez

2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience urging the individual to take action to restore the integrity of the body. The transition from a common episode of acute pain to a state of intermittent or chronic pain has been a constant preoccupation of researchers and clinicians alike. In this review, we approach chronic pain from a modern learning perspective that incorporates cognitive, affective, behavioral and motivational aspects. We view pain as a biologically hard-wired signal of bodily harm that competes with other demands in the person's environment. The basic tenet is that pain urges people to interrupt ongoing activity, elicits protective responses that paradoxically increase interference with daily activities, and compromises the sense of self. Here we briefly summarize existing evidence showing how pain captures attention, and how attention for pain can be controlled.We also consider pain as a strong motivator for learning, and review the recent evidence on the acquisition and generalization of pain-related fear and avoidance behavior, which are likely to interfere with daily life activities. We highlight the paradoxical effects of pain avoidance behavior, and review treatment effects of exposure in vivo. A generally neglected area of research is the detrimental consequences of repeated interference by pain with daily activities on one's sense of "self". We end this review with a plea for the implementation of single-case experimental designs as a means to help customize and develop novel cognitive-behavioral treatments for individuals for chronic pain aimed at reducing the suffering of this large group of individuals.3

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Consequences of Suppressing Thoughts about Tinnitus and the Effects of Cognitive Distraction on Brain Activity in Tinnitus Patients

Cited by 43 publications

References 81 publications

Altered networks in bothersome tinnitus: a functional connectivity study

Altered networks in bothersome tinnitus: a functional connectivity study

The mechanisms of tinnitus: Perspectives from human functional neuroimaging

The experimental analysis of the interruptive, interfering, and identity-distorting effects of chronic pain

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