Consequences of reduced light for flower production in conifer-invaded meadows of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A

Celis, Jessica; Halpern, Charles B.; Muldoon, Ariel

doi:10.1007/s11258-019-00952-x

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The latter feature is evident in forest ramets being taller, but producing smaller flowers on terminal inflorescences, and fewer lateral inflorescences with fewer flowers than meadow ramets (Figure 1B–E). Plants commonly respond to shaded conditions by reducing flower production (e.g., Niesenbaum, 1992; Kilkenny and Galloway, 2008; Cao et al, 2017; Celis et al, 2019). This effect may also have contributed to differences in flower production between populations within habitats (M1 > M2, F1 > F2: Figure 1A,C,D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two populations occupied open meadows and two occurred in deciduous forests, all within 3 km of each other. The contrasting abiotic conditions (e.g., light, soil moisture, and nutrients) between open sites and forest understory greatly influence plant growth and phenotypes (Galloway and Etterson, 2009; Atlan et al, 2015; Celis et al, 2019), possibly affecting genet and ramet floral displays and floral traits (e.g., size and nectar production). Specifically, for species capable of growth and reproduction in both shaded and open environments, open‐grown individuals generally grow larger and produce more flowers (Galloway and Etterson, 2009; Atlan et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Local adaptation and plastic responses to abiotic conditions may also affect mating outcomes. Favorable conditions for plant growth are particularly germane if larger plants produce more inflorescences and ramets with more, larger flowers (e.g., Kilkenny and Galloway, 2008; Celis et al, 2019). Also relevant are conditions responsible for population differences in nectar production per flower (e.g., Brink and de Wet, 1980; Gijbels et al, 2014), given the latter's influences on pollinator attraction, visit duration, and number of flowers visited per pollinator (Klinkhamer and van der Lugt, 2004; Brandenburg and Bshary, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee–pollinated herb

Tian

Harder

Wang

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Fecundity and mating outcomes commonly differ among plant populations occupying contrasting environments. If self‐pollination occurs primarily among flowers within plants, contrasting reproductive outcomes among populations must reflect environmental effects on plant‐pollinator interactions. Specifically, local conditions could affect features of plant phenotypes that influence pollinator behavior, in turn modifying plant reproductive outcomes. Methods We compared phenotypes, pollinator abundance and behavior, and female fecundity and mating in two meadow populations and two forest populations of Aconitum kusnezoffii within 3 km of each other. Mating outcomes were assessed using microsatellites. Results Meadow plants generally produced more, shorter ramets with more, larger flowers, but less nectar per flower than forest plants. These differences likely largely represent phenotypic plasticity. Individual bumble bees visited more flowers on forest plants, likely because the more abundant bees in the meadows depleted nectar availability, as indicated by briefer visits to individual flowers. Despite similar fruit set in both habitats, forest plants set more seeds per fruit. Nevertheless, meadow plants produced more seeds overall, owing to sevenfold greater flower production. Consistent with individual bees visiting fewer flowers on meadow plants, more of their seeds were outcrossed. However, the outcrossed seeds of forest plants included more male mates. Conclusions Reproductive outcomes can vary among populations of animal‐pollinated plants as a result of differences in the availability of effective pollinators and environmental effects on plant phenotypes, and their functional consequences for pollinator behavior that governs pollen dispersal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee–pollinated herb

Tian

Harder

Wang

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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“…Finally, for late‐seral A. grandis , which typically regenerates in the shade (Foiles et al 1990), the strong association with N‐facing edges suggests microclimatic control of establishment (Chen et al 1995; Heithecker & Halpern 2007; Baker et al 2014). Although canopy shading can extend as far as 40 m from the edge (for trees of comparable height), light levels decline rapidly in the first 5–10 m (Heithecker & Halpern 2007; Celis et al 2019). In contrast to A. grandis , the association of early‐seral P. menziesii with N‐facing edges is not as easily explained by microclimatic variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss of meadow habitat to encroachment represents an emerging conservation concern: meadows occupy a small portion of the mountain landscape, but support a rich array of plant and insect communities (McCain et al 2014; Jones et al 2018). In some portions of the western Cascades, tree invasion has reduced nonforest habitat by more than 50% since 1940 (Dailey 2007; Takaoka & Swanson 2008; Rice 2009) and with it, a diversity of ecosystem functions (Haugo & Halpern 2007; Highland & Jones 2014; Jones et al 2018; Celis et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates, patterns, and drivers of tree reinvasion 15 years after large‐scale meadow‐restoration treatments

Halpern

Antos

2021

Restoration Ecology

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Tree encroachment threatens the biodiversity and ecological functioning of grasslands worldwide. Reversing effects of encroachment requires not only removing trees, but limiting subsequent invasions, which can stall grassland reassembly. We quantified rates and patterns of conifer reinvasion of mountain grasslands (meadows) in western Oregon, 7 and 15 years after experimental tree removal with or without burning. We assessed frequency (percentage of 100 m 2 subplots) and density of reinvading trees in six 1-ha plots as a function of burn treatment, abundance in the adjacent forest (a proxy for seed availability), and distance to or orientation of forest edges. After 15 years, frequency and density of colonists varied widely among plots (24-57% of subplots and 60-250 trees/ha, respectively), but burning had no effect on either measure. Abies grandis, which dominated adjacent forests, was the principal invader. Colonization by less-common Pinus contorta and A. procera was correlated with species' density and basal area in adjacent forests, suggesting that establishment was seed limited. Annualized rates of invasion were similar between early and late sampling intervals (9-10/trees/ha). Establishment was generally greater along the forested edges of plots (0-10 m) than in the core (10-50 m). Prominence of shade-tolerant A. grandis along northerly-facing edges suggests strong microclimatic controls on establishment. In sum, tree removal, with or without prescribed fire, is successful in reversing effects of conifer encroachment. Despite abundant seed rain, reinvasion is slow and spatially restricted. Periodic hand removal of colonizing trees, while they are small, can be done efficiently and economically.

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Effects of shading and site conditions on vegetative and generative growth of a native grassland invader

Krieger

Ditton

Albrecht

et al. 2022

Ecological Engineering

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Consequences of reduced light for flower production in conifer-invaded meadows of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee–pollinated herb

Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee–pollinated herb

Rates, patterns, and drivers of tree reinvasion 15 years after large‐scale meadow‐restoration treatments

Effects of shading and site conditions on vegetative and generative growth of a native grassland invader

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